ArticleCancer causes & control : CCC2021
Examining the etiology of early-onset breast cancer in the Canadian Partnership for Tomorrow's Health (CanPath).
Article in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Overweight and obesity increase breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis of 38 observational studies.GeroScience · 2026Pooled it
- The relationship between central obesity and risk of breast cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis of 7,989,315 women.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Transport-based transfer learning on Electronic Health Records: application to detection of treatment disparities.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2026Article
- Trends in the disease burden of early-onset cancers in China from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis of the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Cohort Profile: The Ontario Health Study (OHS).International journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Linking Human Betaretrovirus with Autoimmunity and Liver Disease in Patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis.Viruses · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeBreast cancer incidence among younger women (under age 50) has increased over the past 25 years, yet little is known about the etiology among this age group. The objective of this study was to investigate relationships between modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors and early-onset breast cancer among three prospective Canadian cohorts.
methodsA matched case-control study was conducted using data from Alberta's Tomorrow Project, BC Generations Project, and the Ontario Health Study. Participants diagnosed with breast cancer before age 50 were identified through provincial registries and matched to three control participants of similar age and follow-up. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine the association between factors and risk of early-onset breast cancer.
resultsIn total, 609 cases and 1,827 controls were included. A body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m
conclusionsIn this study, measures of adiposity, pregnancy history, and familial history of breast cancer are important risk factors for early-onset breast cancer. Evidence was insufficient to conclude if smoking, alcohol intake, fruit and vegetable consumption, and physical activity are meaningful risk factors. The results of this study could inform targeted primary and secondary prevention for early-onset breast cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.