Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34172784›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma cancer classification, biomarker identification, and gene expression analysis using overlapping feature selection methods.

Joe W Chen, Joseph Dhahbi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 124 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
124citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

124 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  7. SUSD2 suppresses lung adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis by inducing autophagyEuropean journal of histochemistry : EJH · 2026
    Article
  8. Anoikis-Related Genes Signature Contributes to Predicting Prognosis and Response to Immunotherapy in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Neural Latent Filtering for Gene Discovery in Breast Cancer Subtypes.Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
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  20. Article

64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Joe W ChenCalifornia University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA, USA.
Joseph DhahbiCalifornia University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA, USA. dhahbij@cusm.org.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers in the world. Two of the most common subtypes, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), have drastically different biological signatures, yet they are often treated similarly and classified together as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). LUAD and LUSC biomarkers are scarce, and their distinct biological mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. To detect biologically relevant markers, many studies have attempted to improve traditional machine learning algorithms or develop novel algorithms for biomarker discovery. However, few have used overlapping machine learning or feature selection methods for cancer classification, biomarker identification, or gene expression analysis. This study proposes to use overlapping traditional feature selection or feature reduction techniques for cancer classification and biomarker discovery. The genes selected by the overlapping method were then verified using random forest. The classification statistics of the overlapping method were compared to those of the traditional feature selection methods. The identified biomarkers were validated in an external dataset using AUC and ROC analysis. Gene expression analysis was then performed to further investigate biological differences between LUAD and LUSC. Overall, our method achieved classification results comparable to, if not better than, the traditional algorithms. It also identified multiple known biomarkers, and five potentially novel biomarkers with high discriminating values between LUAD and LUSC. Many of the biomarkers also exhibit significant prognostic potential, particularly in LUAD. Our study also unraveled distinct biological pathways between LUAD and LUSC.

Indexed as

Adenocarcinoma of LungBiomarkersCarcinoma, Squamous CellFemaleGene ExpressionGene Expression ProfilingGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticGenetic TechniquesHumansLungLung NeoplasmsMalePrognosisBiomarkers

Identifiers

PMID34172784
PMCPMC8233431

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.