ArticleCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology2021
Identifying Area-Level Disparities in Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Coverage Using Geospatial Analysis.
Article in Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Untangling the Roots of HPV Vaccine Acceptance in West Virginia: How Hesitancy and Misinformation Shape Parental Decisions.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Review
- Geospatial disparities in post-pandemic SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: Evidence from Chile beyond the national success.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Bridging the gap: tackling general and HPV vaccine hesitancy in rural and low-vaccination areas to improve HPV vaccine uptake.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Health, beliefs, and faith: HPV vaccine uptake intent among Catholic, Evangelical, and mainline protestant parents.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Perceptions of a State-Level HPV Vaccine Mandate and Exemption Option in Rural Virginia: A Qualitative Study.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Development and validation of an HPV infection knowledge assessment scale among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples.Vaccine: X · 2023Article
- Characterizing pharmacy deserts and designing a model to minimize inequities in pharmacy distribution in Virginia.Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhAArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection within the United States (US). Despite clinical agreement on the effectiveness and widespread availability of the prophylactic HPV vaccine, vaccination coverage in the US is suboptimal and varies by geographic region and area-level variables. The goals of this article were to model the variation in vaccination rates among boys and girls within ZIP Codes in Virginia, determine whether neighborhood sociodemographic variables explain variation in HPV vaccination, and identify areas with significantly depressed vaccination coverage.
methodsWe used Bayesian hierarchical spatial regression models with statewide immunization registry data to consider the correlation in vaccination among boys and girls, as well as the spatial correlation in vaccination for each sex.
resultsThe results showed low vaccination coverage in our birth cohort (28.9% in girls and 23.8% in boys) relative to the national level (56.8% and 51.8%, respectively). Several area-level variables were significantly and positively associated with vaccination coverage, including population density, percentage of Hispanic population, and average number of vehicles. In addition, there were several areas of significantly lowered vaccination coverage, including predominantly rural ones, and overall large geographic disparities in HPV vaccination.
conclusionsDetermining the geospatial patterning and area-level factors associated with HPV vaccination within a prescribed geographic area helps to inform future planning efforts. IMPACT: The results of this study will help inform future planning efforts for geographically targeted interventions and policies, as well as drive new research to implement clinical and community strategies to increase HPV vaccination.
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