ArticleScience advances2021
Electronics with shape actuation for minimally invasive spinal cord stimulation.
Article in Science advances, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- From trade-offs to translation: An interdisciplinary roadmap for neurotechnology.Science advances · 2026Review
- Reversible Thermoactuation Unlocks Minimally Invasive Implantation and Retrieval of Soft Bioelectronics.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Rotational 3D printing of active-passive filaments and lattices with programmable shape morphing.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Customized ultra-flexible and adhesive spinal cord stimulation electrode for chronic pain management.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- PEDOT:PSS-A Key Material for Bioelectronics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Integrated hierarchical surface restructuring of assembled electrode arrays for next-generation neural interfaces.PloS one · 2026Article
- 4D printing of trigger-free shape-memory hydrogels towards self-adaptive substrates for bioelectronics.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Microfluidic technologies for wearable and implantable biomedical devices.Lab on a chip · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in Stimuli-Responsive Materials and Soft Robotic Actuators for Bioelectronic Medicine.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Review
- Endocisternal interfaces for minimally invasive neural stimulation and recording of the brain and spinal cord.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- Wearable and Implantable Soft Robots.Chemical reviews · 2024Review
- Origami-inspired soft fluidic actuation for minimally invasive large-area electrocorticography.Nature communications · 2024Article
- A biodegradable and flexible neural interface for transdermal optoelectronic modulation and regeneration of peripheral nerves.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Flexible circumferential bioelectronics to enable 360-degree recording and stimulation of the spinal cord.Science advances · 2024Article
- Minimally invasive power sources for implantable electronics.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2024Review
- Shape-changing electrode array for minimally invasive large-scale intracranial brain activity mapping.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Soft touchless sensors and touchless sensing for soft robots.Frontiers in robotics and AI · 2024Review
- Thin-film implants for bioelectronic medicine.MRS bulletin · 2024Review
- Biological and hardware-related spinal cord stimulation complications and their management: A single-center retrospective analysis of the implantation of nonrechargeable implantable pulse generators in different pain conditions.Surgical neurology international · 2024Article
- Laminin-coated electronic scaffolds with vascular topography for tracking and promoting the migration of brain cells after injury.Nature biomedical engineering · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Spinal cord stimulation is one of the oldest and most established neuromodulation therapies. However, today, clinicians need to choose between bulky paddle-type devices, requiring invasive surgery under general anesthetic, and percutaneous lead-type devices, which can be implanted via simple needle puncture under local anesthetic but offer clinical drawbacks when compared with paddle devices. By applying photo- and soft lithography fabrication, we have developed a device that features thin, flexible electronics and integrated fluidic channels. This device can be rolled up into the shape of a standard percutaneous needle then implanted on the site of interest before being expanded in situ, unfurling into its paddle-type conformation. The device and implantation procedure have been validated in vitro and on human cadaver models. This device paves the way for shape-changing bioelectronic devices that offer a large footprint for sensing or stimulation but are implanted in patients percutaneously in a minimally invasive fashion.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.