SynthesisJournal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR2021
A systematic review on poly(I:C) and poly-ICLC in glioblastoma: adjuvants coordinating the unlocking of immunotherapy.
Synthesis in Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- A combinatory vaccine with IMA950 plus varlilumab promotes effector memory T-cell differentiation in the peripheral blood of patients with low-grade gliomas.Neuro-oncology · 2024Trial
- Self-Assembling Peptide-Adjuvant Conjugate (SaPAC) Platform for Precision Cancer Immunotherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- A poly(I:C)/QS-21-based in situ vaccine synergizes with anti-PD-1 therapy to overcome tumor immunoresistance.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Nanotechnology-based immunotherapy: integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) with current strategies in combating brain cancer disease.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2026Review
- Advances in delivery technologies-powered cancer vaccines.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Importance of the delivery route for the tolerability and efficacy of immunomodulatory agents for lung cancer.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Poly(I:C) Lipoamino Bundle LNPs Induce Tumor Cytotoxicity and Immune Activation with Enhanced Efficacy by Survivin Silencing.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Review
- Dual-Function Lipid-Based Nanovector Strategy for Glioblastoma Immunotherapy: STING Activation and M1 Microglia Polarization.Drug development research · 2026Review
- A Unique Protein Adjuvant for Precision Immunotherapy to Prevent Recurrence of Surgically Resected Colorectal Cancer.Cancers · 2026Review
- Novel strategies targeting mutant calreticulin in essential thrombocythemia and myelofibrosis.Blood · 2026Review
- The segmented flavivirus ALSV-encoded nucleoprotein VP2 inhibits type I interferon production by targeting RIG-I.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Lung cancer vaccines to enhance immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: evidence and future perspectives.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Review
- Article
- Identification of poly(I:C) interacted proteins and their regulation in transcription level against bacterial infection in zebrafish.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- EGFR-targeted affibody-polyIC polyplex kills EGFR-overexpressing cancer cells without activating the EGFR.PloS one · 2026Article
- Toll-like receptors in innate immunity and inflammation: from fundamental biology to clinic insights.Immunity & inflammation · 2026Review
- A ribonucleotide carbohydrate system (iRNC) enhances antigen presentation and controls glioblastoma.Theranostics · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and Clinical Significance of Endosomal Toll-Like Receptors in Neurological Diseases.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunotherapy is currently under intensive investigation as a potential breakthrough treatment option for glioblastoma. Given the anatomical and immunological complexities surrounding glioblastoma, lymphocytes that infiltrate the brain to develop durable immunity with memory will be key. Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, or poly(I:C), and its derivative poly-ICLC could serve as a priming or boosting therapy to unleash lymphocytes and other factors in the (immuno)therapeutic armory against glioblastoma. Here, we present a systematic review on the effects and efficacy of poly(I:C)/poly-ICLC for glioblastoma treatment, ranging from preclinical work on cellular and murine glioblastoma models to reported and ongoing clinical studies. MEDLINE was searched until 15 May 2021 to identify preclinical (glioblastoma cells, murine models) and clinical studies that investigated poly(I:C) or poly-ICLC in glioblastoma. A systematic review approach was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. ClinicalTrials.gov was queried for ongoing clinical studies. Direct pro-tumorigenic effects of poly(I:C) on glioblastoma cells have not been described. On the contrary, poly(I:C) changes the immunological profile of glioblastoma cells and can also kill them directly. In murine glioblastoma models, poly(I:C) has shown therapeutic relevance as an adjuvant therapy to several treatment modalities, including vaccination and immune checkpoint blockade. Clinically, mostly as an adjuvant to dendritic cell or peptide vaccines, poly-ICLC has been demonstrated to be safe and capable of eliciting immunological activity to boost therapeutic responses. Poly-ICLC could be a valuable tool to enhance immunotherapeutic approaches for glioblastoma. We conclude by proposing several promising combination strategies that might advance glioblastoma immunotherapy and discuss key pre-clinical aspects to improve clinical translation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.