Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34171288›Full record

ArticleDevelopmental cell2021

Mitochondrial-derived vesicles compensate for loss of LC3-mediated mitophagy.

Christina G Towers, Darya K Wodetzki, Jacqueline Thorburn, Katharine R Smith, M Cecilia Caino, Andrew Thorburn

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Developmental cell, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
100citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
8.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

100 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 136 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The Role of Estrogen in Mitochondrial Disease.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Review

40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Christina G TowersDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. Electronic address: ctowers@salk.edu.
Darya K WodetzkiDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Jacqueline ThorburnDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Katharine R SmithDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
M Cecilia CainoDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Andrew ThorburnDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus · US

Funding

University of Colorado Cancer Center Support Grant - Lung Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts with Autologous Human Immune SystemsP30CA046934 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI James V Degregori · 1988 to 2026
$117.0M
Role of autophagy in tumor cell deathR01CA150925 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI DEGREGORI, JAMES V · 2010 to 2024
$5.5M
Training Program in Cancer BiologyT32CA190216 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI Craig T. Jordan · 2016 to 2026
$3.5M
Therapeutic targeting of autophagy-dependent cancerR01CA190170 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI GUSTAFSON, DANIEL L, THORBURN, ANDREW M · 2015 to 2019
$2.5M
Nanoscale organization of the inhibitory synapse during synaptic plasticityR01MH119154 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI SMITH, KATHARINE RACHEL · 2020 to 2024
$2.0M
Therapeutic Targeting of Autophagey-Dependent CancerK99CA245187 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI TOWERS, CHRISTINA G · 2020 to 2021
$139k
NCI NIH HHS K99 CA245187NCI NIH HHS P30 CA046934NCI NIH HHS R01 CA150925NCI NIH HHS R01 CA190170NCI NIH HHS T32 CA190216NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH119154
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mitochondria are critical metabolic and signaling hubs, and dysregulated mitochondrial homeostasis is implicated in many diseases. Degradation of damaged mitochondria by selective GABARAP/LC3-dependent macro-autophagy (mitophagy) is critical for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. To identify alternate forms of mitochondrial quality control that functionally compensate if mitophagy is inactive, we selected for autophagy-dependent cancer cells that survived loss of LC3-dependent autophagosome formation caused by inactivation of ATG7 or RB1CC1/FIP200. We discovered rare surviving autophagy-deficient clones that adapted to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis after gene inactivation and identified two enhanced mechanisms affecting mitochondria including mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs). To further understand these mechanisms, we quantified MDVs via flow cytometry and confirmed an SNX9-mediated mechanism necessary for flux of MDVs to lysosomes. We show that the autophagy-dependent cells acquire unique dependencies on these processes, indicating that these alternate forms of mitochondrial homeostasis compensate for loss of autophagy to maintain mitochondrial health.

Indexed as

AutophagyMitochondrial DynamicsMitophagyAutophagy-Related Protein 7Autophagy-Related ProteinsEndosomesHumansLysosomesMicrotubule-Associated ProteinsMitochondriaSorting NexinsTransport VesiclesATG7 protein, humanAutophagy-Related Protein 7Autophagy-Related ProteinsMAP1LC3A protein, humanMicrotubule-Associated ProteinsRB1CC1 protein, humanSNX9 protein, humanSorting NexinsATG7autophagycancerFIP200late endosomesmitochondriamitochondrial-derived vesiclesmitochondrial dynamicsmitophagySNX9

Identifiers

PMID34171288
PMCPMC8319140
OpenAlexW3175617079

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.