ArticlePloS one2021
Evaluation of the design and implementation of municipal ice cleat distribution programs for the prevention of ice-related fall injuries among older adults in Sweden.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Optimizing age-based targeting in ice cleat distribution programs for preventing winter fall injuries: a cost-effectiveness modeling study.Injury epidemiology · 2025Article
- The Slip and Fall Index: Assessing the risk of slipping and falling on ice.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2024Article
- Quasi-experimental evaluation of municipal ice cleat distribution programmes for older adults in Sweden.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2023Article
- Ice cleat distribution programmes and ice cleat use among older adults: repeated cross-sectional evidence from 63 municipal interventions in Sweden.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2022Article
- Model-based economic evaluation of ice cleat distribution programmes for the prevention of outdoor falls among adults from a Swedish societal perspective.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe risk for outdoor falls tends to increase during winter due to icy road conditions. Several Swedish municipalities have introduced programs that provide their senior citizens with a pair of ice cleats in an attempt to tackle this problem. In this paper, we perform a process evaluation to identify potential barriers to the success of these programs and analyze the logic of their design.
methodsWe sent a survey to all 290 Swedish municipalities to collect data on the characteristics of ice cleat distribution programs. We also performed focus-group interviews with older adults to gain insight into their thoughts about ice cleat programs. We synthesized our data with existing literature on ice cleats and behavior change theory to populate a logic model to identify and analyze hidden assumptions and potential flaws using program theory analysis.
resultsOn average, about 40% of the eligible population living in the intervention municipalities collected a pair of ice cleats. While we identified some other, but mostly minor, barriers to implementation, the main barrier appears to be a lack of scale (i.e., insufficient procurement and distribution of ice cleats), as 90% of all purchased ice cleats were eventually distributed. While previous research suggests that ice cleats can decrease injury risks if worn, we find that there is limited evidence on the effects of distribution on ice cleat use. Our interviewees emphasized the potential utility of ice cleats for staying safe and active during winter but stressed that ice cleats need to be user-friendly and of high-quality to increase the likelihood that a distribution program encourages behavior change.
conclusionExisting ice cleat distribution programs appear to have reached a meaningful share of the targeted population. Additional research is required to assess their effects on ice cleat use and injury rates.
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