SynthesisParasitology research2021
Global prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis among female sex workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Parasitology research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the global prevalence and infection risk factors of Trichomonas vaginalis.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2025Pooled it
- The prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among the female population of Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International health · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The global prevalence of Spirometra parasites in snakes, frogs, dogs, and cats: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Veterinary medicine and science · 2022Pooled it
- Global prevalence of Trichinella in pigs: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Veterinary medicine and science · 2022Pooled it
- Parasites in surgically removed appendices as a neglected public health concern: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pathogens and global health · 2022Pooled it
- Global prevalence and epidemiology of Strongyloides stercoralis in dogs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Parasites & vectors · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Immunomodulatory Effects of the Antimicrobial Peptide KR-20: Implications for Trichomoniasis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- New Trends in Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Adolescents and Young People: Epidemiology, Clinical and Diagnostic Management.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Prevalence ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Review
- Bridging the GAP: Probiotic Douches Redefining the Feminine Hygiene.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025Review
- Mixed vaginal infection status in women infected with Trichomonas vaginalis: comparison of microscopy method and metagenomic sequencing analysis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Sexually transmitted infections among at-risk women in Ecuador: implications for global prevalence and testing practices for STIs detected only at the anorectum in female sex workers.Sexually transmitted infections · 2024Article
- Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and associated risk factors among female sex workers in Guinea-Bissau.Sexually transmitted infections · 2024Article
- Antibacterial, Trichomonacidal, and Cytotoxic Activities ofPharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Association between red blood cell folate and Trichomonas vaginalis infection among women.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Harmful Alcohol Use and Associated Socio-Structural Factors among Female Sex Workers Initiating HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Prevalence and Clinical Aspects ofIranian journal of parasitologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI), caused by the protozoan parasite, Trichomonas vaginalis. Female sex workers are intensely affected by the infection, since they have frequent direct physical contact. The current systematic review and meta-analysis represents the global prevalence of T. vaginalis in female sex workers. Five databases (Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) were explored for literatures that published from July 1985 to June 2020. Totally, 85 studies (54,515 participants) from 46 countries met the inclusion criteria. The global pooled prevalence of T. vaginalis was 16% (95% CI 13-19%). The estimated pooled prevalence based on methods including wet mount, culture, and molecular techniques was 15% (95% CI 12-19%), 16% (95% CI 10-24%), and 22% (95% CI 13-32%), respectively. Moreover, the infection was most prevalent at the mean age of 30-36 (20%, 95% CI 11-30%). Regarding the World Health Organization (WHO) regions, the highest pooled prevalence was estimated to be in the African region (23%, 95% CI 7-46%). In addition, we indicated that countries with low-income level have the highest pooled prevalence (23%, 95% CI 14-34%). Our results revealed that the worldwide prevalence of T. vaginalis was significant in female sex workers. Therefore, considering a precise strategy such as a health education program with regard to safe intercourse is needed to increase knowledge and prevent T. vaginalis infection in sex workers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.