Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34169553›Full record

ArticleAllergy2022

Experimental rhinovirus infection induces an antiviral response in circulating B cells which is dysregulated in patients with asthma.

Oliver F Wirz, Kirstin Jansen, Pattraporn Satitsuksanoa, Willem van de Veen, Ge Tan, Milena Sokolowska, David Mirer, Barbara Stanić, Simon D Message, Tatiana Kebadze and 8 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Allergy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Single-cell atlas of grass carp (Zoological research · 2025
    Article
  4. Unveiling the prevalence and impact of silent rhinovirus infection in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Asthma Pathogenesis: Phenotypes, Therapies, and Gaps: Summary of the Aspen Lung Conference 2023.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2024
    Review
  7. Article
  8. New Data on Anti-Inflammatory and Wound Healing Potential of TransgenicInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Article
  9. Rhinovirus Infections and Their Roles in Asthma: Etiology and Exacerbations.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2022
    Review
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.

Oliver F WirzSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-0377-6464
Kirstin JansenSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-9176-8562
Pattraporn SatitsuksanoaSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.
Willem van de VeenSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.
Ge TanSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-0026-8739
Milena SokolowskaSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-9710-6685
David MirerSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.
Barbara StanićSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.
Simon D MessageNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Tatiana KebadzeNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Nicholas GlanvilleNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Patrick MalliaNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
James E GernDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6667-4708
Nikolaos PapadopoulosDivision of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Cezmi A AkdisSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-8020-019X
Sebastian L JohnstonNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Kari NadeauSean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2146-2955
Mübeccel AkdisSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-0554-9943
University of Zurich · CHImperial College London · GBNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens · GRStanford University · USUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison · US

Funding

Medical Research Council G1000758Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 063717Wellcome Trust 083567/Z/07/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRhinoviruses are the predominant cause of respiratory viral infections and are strongly associated with asthma exacerbations. While humoral immunity plays an important role during virus infections, cellular aspects of this response are less well understood. Here, we investigated the antiviral response of circulating B cells upon experimental rhinovirus infection in healthy individuals and asthma patients.

methodsWe purified B cells from experimentally infected healthy individuals and patients with asthma and subjected them to total RNA-sequencing. Rhinovirus-derived RNA was measured in isolated B cells using a highly sensitive PCR. B cells were stimulated with rhinovirus in vitro to further study gene expression, expression of antiviral proteins and B-cell differentiation in response rhinovirus stimulation. Protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to rhinovirus was assessed using a proximity extension assay.

resultsB cells isolated from experimentally infected subjects exhibited an antiviral gene profile linked to IFN-alpha, carried viral RNA in vivo and were transiently infected by rhinovirus in vitro. B cells rapidly differentiated into plasmablasts upon rhinovirus stimulation. While B cells lacked expression of interferons in response to rhinovirus exposure, co-stimulation with rhinovirus and IFN-alpha upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression suggesting a potential new function of B cells during virus infections. Asthma patients showed extensive upregulation and dysregulation of antiviral gene expression.

conclusionThese findings add to the understanding of systemic effects of rhinovirus infections on B-cell responses in the periphery, show potential dysregulation in patients with asthma and might also have implications during infection with other respiratory viruses.

Indexed as

AsthmaPicornaviridae InfectionsAntiviral AgentsCytokinesHumansInterferonsRhinovirusAntiviral AgentsCytokinesInterferonsallergic asthmaB lymphocytesinterferon-stimulated genes (ISG)pro-inflammatory cytokinesrhinovirus infection

Identifiers

PMID34169553
PMCPMC10138744
OpenAlexW3173988370

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.