Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34169406›Full record

ArticlePrevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research2022

Protective Factors as a Unifying Framework for Strength-Based Intervention and Culturally Responsive American Indian and Alaska Native Suicide Prevention.

James Allen, Lisa Wexler, Stacy Rasmus

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
48citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. A Guide to Constructing Indigenous Statistical Spaces for Prevention Science Research.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Discrimination, psychosocial resources, and sleep: A test of the reserve capacity model.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2025
    Article
  11. Suicide in subjects under the age of 30: a retrospective analysis.International journal of legal medicine · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. An approach to capturing the cultural contexts of health behaviours.Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2025
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Healing of the Canoe: Preliminary Suicide Prevention Outcomes Among Participating and Non-Participating Youth.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

James AllenDepartment of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health and Memory Keepers Medical Discovery Team-American Indian and Rural Health Equity, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA. jallen@umn.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-5567-6302
Lisa WexlerDepartment of Social Work and Research Center for Group Dynamics, Institute for Social Research, Univeristy of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA.
Stacy RasmusCenter for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute for Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA.

Funding

Suicide Prevention StudyU19MH113138 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS · PI ALLEN, JAMES R., RASMUS, STACY M. · 2017 to 2022
$5.3M
Qungasvik (Toolbox): Prevention of Alcohol/Suicide Risk in Alaska Native YouthR01AA023754 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS · PI ALLEN, JAMES R., RASMUS, STACY M. · 2015 to 2021
$4.0M
NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA023754NIMH NIH HHS U19 MH113138
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The ongoing challenge of American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) youth suicide is a public health crisis of relatively recent historical origin inadequately addressed by contemporary prevention science. A promising development in AIAN suicide prevention highlights the role of protective factors. A protective factor framework adopts a social ecological perspective and community-level intervention paradigm. Emphasis on protection highlights strength-based AIAN cultural strategies in prevention of youth suicide. Attention to multiple intersecting levels incorporates strategies promoting community as well as individual resilience processes, seeking to influence larger contexts as well as individuals within them. This approach expands the scope of suicide prevention strategies beyond the individual level and tertiary prevention strategies. Interventions that focus on mechanisms of protection offer a rigorous, replicable, and complementary prevention science alternative to risk reduction approaches. This selected review critically examines recent AIAN protective factor suicide prevention science. One aim is to clarify key concepts including protection, resilience, and cultural continuity. A broader aim is to describe the evolution of this promising new framework for conducting primary research about AIAN suicide, and for designing and testing more effective intervention. Recommendations emphasize focus on mechanisms, multilevel interactions, more precise use of theory and terms, implications for new intervention development, alertness to unanticipated impacts, and culture as fundamental in a protective factors framework for AIAN suicide prevention. A protective factor framework holds significant potential for advancing AIAN suicide prevention and for work with other culturally distinct suicide disparity groups, with broad implications for other areas of prevention science.

Indexed as

Alaska NativesIndians, North AmericanSuicide PreventionAdolescentAmerican Indian or Alaska NativeHumansProtective FactorsAmerican Indian and Alaska NativeCultural continuityIndigenous suicide preventionMultilevel community interventionProtective factorsResilience

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.