ArticleVaccine: X2021
A novel single-domain antibody multimer that potently neutralizes tetanus neurotoxin.
Article in Vaccine: X, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Complete Neutralization of Tetanus Neurotoxin by Alpaca-Derived Trivalent Nanobodies Aimed at Veterinary Medical Applications.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Humanized VHH-hFc Fusion Proteins Targeting the L-HN Fragment of Tetanus Toxin Provided Protection In Vivo.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Characterization of neutralizing chimeric heavy-chain antibodies against tetanus toxin.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Passive Immunisation in the Treatment of Infectious Diseases Related to Highly Potent Bacterial Toxins.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Isolation and characterization of Hc-targeting chimeric heavy chain antibodies neutralizing botulinum neurotoxin type B.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Serum immunoglobulin or albumin binding single-domain antibodies that enable tailored half-life extension of biologics in multiple animal species.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- Characterization of Neutralizing Human Anti-Tetanus Monoclonal Antibodies Produced by Stable Cell Lines.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tetanus antitoxin, produced in animals, has been used for the prevention and treatment of tetanus for more than 100 years. The availability of antitoxins, ethical issues around production, and risks involved in the use of animal derived serum products are a concern. We therefore developed a llama derived single-domain antibody (VHH) multimer to potentially replace the conventional veterinary product. In total, 28 different tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) binding VHHs were isolated, 14 of which were expressed in yeast for further characterization. Four VHH monomers (T2, T6, T15 and T16) binding TeNT with high affinity (K
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.