Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34168888›Full record

ArticleRoyal Society open science2021

Topological analysis of differential effects of ketamine and propofol anaesthesia on brain dynamics.

Thomas F Varley, Vanessa Denny, Olaf Sporns, Alice Patania

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Royal Society open science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
5.7field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Dreaming during anaesthesia: a scoping review.British journal of anaesthesia · 2026
    Article
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  5. Towards an expanded neurocognitive account of ketamine's rapid antidepressant effects.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Thomas F VarleyPsychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47401, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3317-9882
Vanessa DennyPsychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47401, USA.
Olaf SpornsPsychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47401, USA.
Alice PataniaIndiana University Network Sciences Institute (IUNI), Bloomington, IN 47401, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3047-4376
Indiana University Bloomington · US

Funding

CRCNS: Macaque Cortex Neuronal Network Dynamics related Cognition and Behavior R01MH121978 · NIMH · TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY · PI SPORNS, OLAF · 2019 to 2021
$334k
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH121978
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Research has found that the vividness of conscious experience is related to brain dynamics. Despite both being anaesthetics, propofol and ketamine produce different subjective states: we explore the different effects of these two anaesthetics on the structure of dynamic attractors reconstructed from electrophysiological activity recorded from cerebral cortex of two macaques. We used two methods: the first embeds the recordings in a continuous high-dimensional manifold on which we use topological data analysis to infer the presence of higher-order dynamics. The second reconstruction, an ordinal partition network embedding, allows us to create a discrete state-transition network, which is amenable to information-theoretic analysis and contains rich information about state-transition dynamics. We find that the awake condition generally had the 'richest' structure, visiting the most states, the presence of pronounced higher-order structures, and the least deterministic dynamics. By contrast, the propofol condition had the most dissimilar dynamics, transitioning to a more impoverished, constrained, low-structure regime. The ketamine condition, interestingly, seemed to combine aspects of both: while it was generally less complex than the awake condition, it remained well above propofol in almost all measures. These results provide deeper and more comprehensive insights than what is typically gained by using point-measures of complexity.

Indexed as

anaesthesiaattractorconsciousnessdynamicsketaminepropofol

Identifiers

PMID34168888
PMCPMC8220281
OpenAlexW3177194336

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.