Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34168875›Full record

ArticleAnnals of medicine and surgery (2012)2021

Prevalence estimates of drug addiction among high-school students and its association with violence, and school behaviors: A cross-sectional study from Jordan.

Liqaa A Raffee, Mohammad A Al-Qudah, Wail A Hayajneh, Khaled Z Alawneh, Omar Ibrahim Mahasneh, Mohannad Mahmoud Alomari, Abdel-Hameed Al-Mistarehi

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of medicine and surgery (2012), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
1.8field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Liqaa A RaffeeDepartment of Accident and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Mohammad A Al-QudahDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Wail A HayajnehDepartment of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Khaled Z AlawnehDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Omar Ibrahim MahasnehJordanian Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan.
Mohannad Mahmoud AlomariDivision of Urology, Department of General Surgery and Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Abdel-Hameed Al-MistarehiDepartment of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Jordan University of Science and Technology · JOKing Hussein Medical Center · JO

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThis study aims to estimate the prevalence of drug addiction among high-school students and its association with violence and school behavior. The present study provides baseline data focusing specifically on the extent of drug addiction and violence.

methodsA cross-sectional study design was used. The questionnaire covered students' demographic profiles, including age, gender, and academic branch, and statements related to violent behaviors and school-related factors. A urine sample was collected from each participant to test for drugs and was analyzed by Multi-Drug Rapid Test Cup.

resultsOut of 440 students, a total of 414 were included in this study. Positive drug use via urine sample was confirmed in 70 students (16.9%), with 80% being males. Violent behaviors were common, including used to write on the walls (118, 28.5%), had problems with teachers (107, 25.9%) or peers (267, 64.5%), or using abusive language with school staff (63, 15.2%). There were no significant associations between drug addiction and these violent behaviors (

conclusionHigh school should be identified as a critical period at risk for drug use and violent actions. This study points to the importance of early detection of drug addiction among vulnerable young people, enabling the development of educational programs to prevent abuse and dependence on substances.

Indexed as

Drug addictionJordanSchool behaviorViolence

Identifiers

PMID34168875
PMCPMC8209660
OpenAlexW3172851337

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.