ReviewInternational journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease2021
Update on Asthma-COPD Overlap (ACO): A Narrative Review.
Review in International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune and inflammatory mechanisms in asthma: insights into epigenetic modifications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Comorbid asthma - occurrence and associations with patient-related outcomes in COPD: a cohort study.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2027Article
- Fungal Sensitization and the Manifestation of Asthmatic Features in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Moderate and Severe Exacerbations and Healthcare Resource Utilization in Chinese Patients with COPD on Triple Therapy: A Retrospective Database Study.Advances in therapy · 2026Article
- Determinants of high chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test scores according to airflow limitation severity: a three-year prospective study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- A 3-year prospective study to assess clinical characteristics and risk factors for exacerbations in patients with asthma-COPD overlap based on the GINA guideline compared with patients with asthma and COPD.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Routine Blood Biomarkers and Lung Function in Asthma-COPD Overlap versus Asthma-Only Among Hospitalized Asthma Patients: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
- Inflammatory-metabolic alterations in asthma-COPD overlap compared with COPD: evidence from NHANES and a hospital-based cohort.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Gasdermin family: a promising therapeutic target for asthma.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Never-Smokers-A Distinct Entity Within the COPD Spectrum.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Increased HLA-DR Expression on M2a Monocytes and Helper T Cells in Patients with COPD and Asthma-COPD Overlap Contributes to Disease Severity via Apoptosis and ROS.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Investigation of the Number of Oral Bacteria in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Asthma, and Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Article
- Persistent airway obstruction in severe eosinophilic asthma: targeting interleukin-5 and eosinophils.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Review
- Clinical characteristics of asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap phenotypes.Postepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2025Article
- Asthma and respiratory comorbidities.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Review
- CAD-Q (COPD-Asthma Differentiation Questionnaire): Performance of a new diagnostic score to differentiate between COPD and asthma in adults.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Plasma Levels of CXCL9 and MCP-3 are Increased in Asthma-COPD Overlap (ACO) Patients.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Article
- Clinical Characteristics of T2-Low and T2-High Asthma-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap: Findings From COREA Cohort.Allergy, asthma & immunology research · 2024Article
- Comparison of the Determinants of the "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test" (CAT) and the "Asthma Control Test" (ACT) in Patients with Asthma-COPD Overlap.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Fractional exhaled nitric oxide distribution and its relevant factors in the general adult population and its healthy subpopulation.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are well-characterized diseases, they can coexist in a given patient. The term asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) was introduced to describe patients that have clinical features of both diseases and may represent around 25% of COPD patients and around 20% of asthma patients. Despite the increasing interest in ACO, there are still substantial controversies regarding its definition and its position within clinical guidelines for patients with obstructive lung disease. In general, most definitions indicate that ACO patients must present with non-reversible airflow limitation, significant exposure to smoking or other noxious particles or gases, together with features of asthma. In patients with a primary diagnosis of COPD, the identification of ACO has therapeutic implication because the asthmatic component should be treated with inhaled corticosteroids and some studies suggest that the most severe patients may respond to biological agents indicated for severe asthma. This manuscript aims to summarize the current state-of-the-art of ACO. The definitions, prevalence, and clinical manifestations will be reviewed and some innovative aspects, such as genetics, epigenetics, and biomarkers will be addressed. Lastly, the management and prognosis will be outlined as well as the position of ACO in the COPD and asthma guidelines.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.