Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34168138›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

The architecture of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome inside virion.

Changchang Cao, Zhaokui Cai, Xia Xiao, Jian Rao, Juan Chen, Naijing Hu, Minnan Yang, Xiaorui Xing, Yongle Wang, Manman Li and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 123 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
123citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

123 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Proteomic Analysis of COVID-19 Infection.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026
    Article
  16. "Fertile" Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 RNA More Frequently Occurred in Hairpin Loops That Determine Virus Evolution.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Acute SARS-CoV-2 infection.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Changchang Cao *Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0003-4734-8242
Zhaokui Cai *Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Xia Xiao *National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Jian RaoNational Health Commission of the People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Juan ChenKey Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Naijing HuKey Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Minnan YangCAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Xiaorui XingCAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Yongle WangCAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Manman LiSchool of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.
Bing ZhouState Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2846-1813
Xiangxi WangCAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0003-0635-278X
Jianwei WangNational Health Commission of the People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. wangjw28@163.com.
Yuanchao XueKey Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. ycxue@ibp.ac.cn.ORCID 0000-0002-8113-2333

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 carries the largest single-stranded RNA genome and is the causal pathogen of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. How the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome is folded in the virion remains unknown. To fill the knowledge gap and facilitate structure-based drug development, we develop a virion RNA in situ conformation sequencing technology, named vRIC-seq, for probing viral RNA genome structure unbiasedly. Using vRIC-seq data, we reconstruct the tertiary structure of the SARS-CoV-2 genome and reveal a surprisingly "unentangled globule" conformation. We uncover many long-range duplexes and higher-order junctions, both of which are under purifying selections and contribute to the sequential package of the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Unexpectedly, the D614G and the other two accompanying mutations may remodel duplexes into more stable forms. Lastly, the structure-guided design of potent small interfering RNAs can obliterate the SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells. Overall, our work provides a framework for studying the genome structure, function, and dynamics of emerging deadly RNA viruses.

Indexed as

AnimalsCells, CulturedChlorocebus aethiopsCOVID-19Genome, ViralHumansNucleic Acid ConformationRNA, ViralSARS-CoV-2Sequence Analysis, RNAVirionRNA, Viral

Identifiers

PMID34168138
PMCPMC8225788

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.