ReviewNutrition & diabetes2021
Nutrition and immunity: lessons for COVID-19.
Review in Nutrition & diabetes, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- A multi-parameter ultrasound prediction model for nutrition-associated skin failure in hospitalized elderly patients: a prospective cohort study protocol.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory pathways ofFrontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Characteristics and risk factors for outcomes in patients withInfectious Disease Modelling · 2025Article
- The Impact of Malnutrition on Perioperative Ischemic Stroke in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR): A Retrospective Cohort Study of the National Inpatient Sample.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Development and validation of the systemic nutrition/inflammation index for improving perioperative management of non-small cell lung cancer.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Improving Vaccine Response through Probiotics and Micronutrient Supplementation: Evaluating the Role of TLR5 in Adult Female BALB/c Mice.Current pharmaceutical design · 2025Article
- Symptom Severity and Duration of COVID-19 Are Correlated with the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) Among Hospitalized Elderly Patients.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2025Article
- The relationship between the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index and all-cause mortality in patients with peripheral artery disease.PloS one · 2025Article
- Malnutrition is associated with severe outcome in elderly patients hospitalised with COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Onset of Antinuclear Antibodies (ANAs) as a Potential Risk Factor for Mortality and Morbidity in COVID-19 Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Clinical Evidence on the Potential Beneficial Effects of Diet and Dietary Supplements against COVID-19 Infection Risk and Symptoms' Severity.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Impact of COVID-19 on Children and Adolescents with Chronic Illness.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Relationship Between Dairy Intake and Hospitalization Risk and Disease Severity in Patients With COVID-19.Clinical nutrition research · 2023Article
- Food Insecurity and COVID-19 Infection: Findings From the 2020-2021 National Health Interview Survey.AJPM focus · 2023Article
- Nutritional and health status of Afghan refugee women living in Punjab: A cross-sectional study.Food science & nutrition · 2023Article
- Article
- Role of micronutrients in the modulation of immune system and platelet activating factor in patients with COVID-19; a narrative review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- Research gaps and opportunities in precision nutrition: an NIH workshop report.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The role of the immune system is to protect the individual against pathogenic organisms. Nutrition is one of multiple factors that determines the immune response and good nutrition is important in supporting the immune response. Immunity can be impaired in older people, particularly those who are frail, in those living with obesity, in those who are malnourished and in those with low intakes of micronutrients. The immune impairments associated with nutritional inadequacy increase susceptibility to infection and permit infections to become more severe, even fatal. The adverse impact of poor nutrition on the immune system, including its inflammatory component, may be one of the explanations for the higher risk of more severe outcomes from infection with SARS-CoV-2 seen in older people and in those living with obesity. Studies of individual micronutrients including vitamin D and zinc suggest roles in reducing severity of infection with SARS-CoV-2. Good nutrition is also important in promoting a diverse gut microbiota, which in turn supports the immune system. The importance of nutrition in supporting the immune response also applies to assuring robust responses to vaccination. There are many lessons from the study of nutrition and immunity that are relevant for the battle with SARS-CoV-2.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.