Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34168081›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021

Interaction between the type 4 pili machinery and a diguanylate cyclase fine-tune c-di-GMP levels during early biofilm formation.

Shanice S Webster, Calvin K Lee, William C Schmidt, Gerard C L Wong, George A O'Toole

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  4. Defining the role ofJournal of bacteriology · 2026
    Article
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  7. UnderstandingMicroorganisms · 2026
    Review
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  9. Separation ofmBio · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Anti-Biofilm Agents to OvercomePharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Deciphering the enigmatic PilY1 ofBiochemistry and biophysics reports · 2024
    Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Shanice S WebsterDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755.ORCID 0000-0001-7900-8758
Calvin K LeeDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
William C SchmidtDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095.ORCID 0000-0001-9780-9495
Gerard C L WongDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
George A O'TooleDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755; georgeo@dartmouth.edu.
California NanoSystems Institute · USDartmouth College · US

Funding

Understanding the role of RNA-binding protein mutations in cancerP20GM113132 · NIGMS · DARTMOUTH COLLEGE · PI MADDEN, DEAN R · 2016 to 2025
$25.9M
Translational Research CoreP30DK117469 · NIDDK · DARTMOUTH COLLEGE · PI DEAN R MADDEN · 2018 to 2026
$13.9M
cdiGMP regulation of Biofilm FormationR37AI083256 · NIAID · DARTMOUTH COLLEGE · PI O'TOOLE, GEORGE A. · 2014 to 2023
$4.7M
Surface sensing, memory, and motility control in biofilm formationR01AI143730 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI O'TOOLE, GEORGE A., WONG, GERARD C · 2019 to 2023
$2.0M
cdiGMP regulation of Biofilm FormationR01AI083256 · NIAID · DARTMOUTH COLLEGE · PI O'TOOLE, GEORGE A. · 2009 to 2013
$1.9M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI083256NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI143730NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI083256NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK117469NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM113132
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To initiate biofilm formation, it is critical for bacteria to sense a surface and respond precisely to activate downstream components of the biofilm program. Type 4 pili (T4P) and increasing levels of c-di-GMP have been shown to be important for surface sensing and biofilm formation, respectively; however, mechanisms important in modulating the levels of this dinucleotide molecule to define a precise output response are unknown. Here, using macroscopic bulk assays and single-cell tracking analyses of

Indexed as

Amino Acid MotifsBiofilmsConserved SequenceCyclic GMPEscherichia coli ProteinsFimbriae, BacterialModels, BiologicalMutationPhosphorus-Oxygen LyasesProtein BindingProtein DomainsPseudomonas aeruginosaSignal TransductionSingle-Cell AnalysisType IV Secretion Systemsbis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acidCyclic GMPdiguanylate cyclaseEscherichia coli ProteinsPhosphorus-Oxygen LyasesType IV Secretion Systemsalignment complexbacterial biofilmsc-di-GMPPseudomonas aeruginosasurface sensing

Identifiers

PMID34168081
PMCPMC8256011
OpenAlexW3177109543

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.