Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34167953›Full record

ArticleBMJ open diabetes research & care2021

Cost-effectiveness of a self-management and comprehensive training intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes up to 5 years of diagnosis in a specialized hospital in Mexico City.

Sergio Hernández-Jiménez, Ana Cristina García-Ulloa, Pablo Anaya, Ricardo Gasca-Pineda, Luis Arturo Sánchez-Trujillo, Héctor Peña Baca, Eduardo González-Pier, Enrique O Graue-Hernández, Carlos Alberto Aguilar-Salinas, Franciso Javier Gómez-Pérez and 2 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06999356 (Salud Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.1field-weighted citation impact, top 23% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06999356 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Salud Diabetes: A Pilot Study Comparing Lifestyle Interventions and Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring In Predominantly Hispanic/Latino Adults With Non-Insulin Treated Type 2 Diabetes And An HbA1c > 9%

TypeinterventionalSponsorSutter HealthRan2025 to 2026Enrolled200ConditionsDiabetes, NutritionArmsCGM Device
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Sergio Hernández-JiménezCAIPaDi, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Tlalpan, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0003-3080-8708
Ana Cristina García-UlloaCAIPaDi, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Tlalpan, Mexico dra_ulloa@yahoo.com.mx.ORCID 0000-0003-0653-4938
Pablo AnayaIQVIA, Fairfax, Virginia, USA.
Ricardo Gasca-PinedaReal-World Insights, IQVIA, Mexico City, Mexico.
Luis Arturo Sánchez-TrujilloReal-World Insights, IQVIA, Mexico City, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0003-1543-3776
Héctor Peña BacaBlutitude Health Care Intelligence, Mexico City, Mexico.
Eduardo González-PierBlutitude Health Care Intelligence, Mexico City, Mexico.
Enrique O Graue-HernándezDepartment of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valenciana Foundation IAP, Mexico City, Mexico.
Carlos Alberto Aguilar-SalinasEndocrinology and Metabolism, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Tlalpan, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0001-8517-0241
Franciso Javier Gómez-PérezEndocrinology and Metabolism, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Tlalpan, Mexico.
David Kershenobich-StalnikowitzNational Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Tlalpan, Mexico.
Group of Study CAIPaDi
Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán · MXInstitute of Ophthalmology · MXIQVIA (United States) · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionTo assess the cost-effectiveness of a multidisciplinary and comprehensive innovative diabetes care program (CAIPaDi) versus usual treatment in public health institutions. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsUsing a cost-effectiveness analysis, we compared the CAIPaDi program versus usual treatment given in Mexican public health institutions. The analysis was based on the IQVIA Core Diabetes Model, a validated simulation model used to estimate long-term clinical outcomes. Data were prospectively obtained from the CAIPaDi program and from public databases and published papers. Health outcomes were expressed in terms of life-years gained and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Health and economic outcomes were estimated from a public perspective and discounted at 5% per year over a 20-year horizon. Costs are reported in US dollars (US$) of 2019. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed using life-years gained and QALYs.

resultsThe CAIPaDi costs on average US$559 (95% CI: -$879 to -$239) less than the usual treatment (95% CI: -$879 to -$239) and produced a difference in mean life-years gained (0.48, 95% CI: 0.45 to 0.52) and mean QALYs (1.43, 95% CI: 1.40 to 1.46). The cost-effectiveness ratio resulted in a saving per life-year gained of -US$1155 (95% CI: -$1962 to -$460). Mean differences in QALYs resulted in a saving per QALY of -US$735 (95% CI: -$1193 to -$305). Probabilistic sensitivity analysis proved the results are robust on both life-years gained and QALYs.

conclusionsCAIPaDi has a better cost-effectiveness ratio than the usual therapy in Mexican public health institutions.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Self-ManagementCost-Benefit AnalysisHospitalsHumansMexicodiabetes mellitushealthcare costsprimary preventionself-managementtype 2

Identifiers

PMID34167953
PMCPMC8230997
OpenAlexW3173581742

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.