ArticleCardiovascular diabetology2021
Triglyceride-glucose index in the development of peripheral artery disease: findings from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.
Article in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00005131 (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities), which is not on this map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC)
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating the association between the triglyceride-glucose index and peripheral artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrition & diabetes · 2024Pooled it
- Impact of Baseline and Trajectory of Triglyceride-Glucose Index on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Trial
- Association of the C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index (CTI) with lower-extremity peripheral artery disease among U.S. adults.Atherosclerosis plus · 2026Article
- Triglyceride-glucose index as a cardiovascular risk marker: updated evidence, limitations, and future perspectives.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Review
- Comprehensive evaluation of triglyceride glucose index-a body shape index (TyG-ABSI) for incident peripheral artery disease: data-driven phenotyping and machine learning-based risk prediction in the UK Biobank.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Prospective associations of triglyceride-glucose related indices with cardiovascular disease and mortality in individuals with metabolic syndrome: evidence from the UK biobank.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Association of the Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Its Central Obesity Derivatives with Peripheral Artery Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- Triglyceride-glucose index and the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, panvascular disease, and multimorbidity: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Frailty, social disconnection, metabolomic signatures, and incident peripheral artery disease in type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Longitudinal trajectories of the triglyceride-glucose index and risk of incident type 2 diabetes in adults undergoing repeated health examinations.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and vascular damage among community residents in Yunnan, China.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Article
- The Synergistic Risk of Insulin Resistance and Renal Dysfunction in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Article
- The triglyceride-glucose index: updating evidence from clinical settings to molecular mechanisms in ageing-related cerebrovascular diseases.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Review
- Vitamin E intake mediates the associations of triglyceride-glucose index and its related parameters with phenotypic age acceleration in middle-aged and elderly population.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Triglyceride-glucose index and risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm: a large-scale prospective cohort study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Interaction and combined effect of triglyceride-glucose index and hypertension on type 2 diabetes individuals' peripheral arterial disease risk.Acta diabetologica · 2025Article
- Triglyceride-glucose index as a marker in cardiovascular diseases; a bibliometric study and visual analysis.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Association of baseline and trajectory of triglyceride-glucose index with the incidence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Article
- Triglyceride-glucose index: carotid intima-media thickness and cardiovascular risk in a European population.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Article
- Gender differences in the association between the triglyceride-glucose index and peripheral artery disease in vascular surgery inpatients aged 50 and above: a retrospective cross-sectional study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIt remains unclear whether triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, is prospectively associated with incident peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
methodsWe included 12,320 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study participants (aged 54.3 ± 5.7 years) free of a history of PAD at baseline (visit 1: 1987-1989). The TyG index was determined using ln (fasting triglycerides [mg/dL] × fasting glucose [mg/dL]/2), and measured at 5 visits between 1987 and 2013. Incident PAD was defined as the first hospitalization with PAD diagnosis or a new onset of measured ABI < 0.90 during follow-up visits. We quantified the association of both baseline and trajectories of TyG index with incident PAD using Cox regression and logistic regression analysis, respectively.
resultsOver a median follow-up of 23 years, 1300 participants developed PAD. After adjustment for traditional PAD risk factors, each 1-SD (0.58) increase in TyG index was associated with an 11.9% higher risk of incident PAD [hazard ratio, 1.119 (95% CI, 1.049-1.195)]. Results were similar when individuals were categorized by TyG index quartiles [hazard ratio, 1.239 (95% CI, 1.028-1.492); comparing extreme quartiles]. Four distinct trajectories of stable TyG indexes at various levels along the follow-up duration were identified [low (22.2%), moderate (43.2%), high (27.5%), and very high (7.1%) trajectory groups]. Compared with those with a TyG index trajectory at a low level, those participants with TyG index trajectories at high and very high levels had an even greater risk of future incident PAD [odds ratio (95%CI): 1.404 (1.132-1.740) and 1.742 (1.294-2.344), respectively] after multivariate adjustments for traditional PAD risk factors.
conclusionsHigher TyG index is independently associated with an increased risk of incident PAD. Long-term trajectories of TyG index help identify individuals at a higher risk of PAD who deserve specific preventive and therapeutic approaches.
trial registrationClinical trial registration number: The ARIC trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00005131.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.