SynthesisPloS one2021
Anesthetic protocols for urodynamic studies of the lower urinary tract in small rodents-A systematic review.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mild photothermal therapy ameliorates neurogenic bladder after sacral spinal cord injury via multi-target effects.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Validation of A Wireless Telemetric Bladder Pressure Monitoring System in Traumatic Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury in Yucatan Minipigs.Journal of neurotrauma · 2026Article
- The additive effect of IgE-mediated and pseudoallergic hypersensitivity in RBL-2H3 cells and guinea pigs.PloS one · 2026Article
- UROREC: A cystometry and electromyography recording system for analyzing urinary incontinence parameters in rat models.PloS one · 2026Article
- Integrated assessment of continuous uroflow cystometry and visceromotor responses to bladder distension in urethane-anesthetized mice.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Article
- Article
- A New Rat Model of Sacral Cord Injury Producing a Neurogenic Bladder and Its Functional and Mechanistic Studies.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- Assessing Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction after Spinal Cord Injury: Animal Models in Preclinical Neuro-Urology Research.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Long-term stability of physiological signals within fluctuations of brain state under urethane anesthesia.PloS one · 2021Article
- Effects of opioids and benzodiazepines on bladder function of awake restrained mice.American journal of clinical and experimental urology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Urodynamic studies in rats and mice are broadly used to examine pathomechnisms of disease and identify and test therapeutic targets. This review aims to highlight the effects of the anesthetics on the lower urinary tract function and seeks to identify protocols that allow recovery from anesthesia and repeated measurements while preserving the function which is being studied. All studies published in English language, which compared the data obtained under various types of anesthesia and the urodynamics performed in awake animals were included. It appears that urethane, an anesthetic recommended extensively for the investigation of lower urinary tract function, is appropriate for acute urodynamic studies only. Major advantages of urethane are its stability and ability to preserve the micturition reflex. Due to its toxicity and carcinogenicity, urethane anesthesia should not be used for recovery procedures. This review evaluated available alternatives including propofol, isoflurane and combinations of urethane, ketamine/xylazine, ketamine/medetomidine, and/or fentanyl/fluanisone/midazolam. Different effects have been demonstrated among these drugs on the urinary bladder, the urethral sphincter, as well as on their neuroregulation. The lowest incidence of adverse effects was observed with the use of a combination of ketamine and xylazine. Although the variations in the reviewed study protocols represent a limitation, we believe that this summary will help in standardizing and optimizing future experiments.
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