ArticlePloS one2021
Influence of insecticide resistance on the biting and resting preferences of malaria vectors in the Gambia.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Entomological impact of mass administration of ivermectin and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine in The Gambia: a cluster-randomized controlled trial.Parasites & vectors · 2022Trial
- Urban malaria in Accra, Ghana: transmission risk and influence of irrigated vegetable farms.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Novel insecticide resistance mutations associated with variable PBO synergy in Anopheles gambiae s.l. from the Democratic Republic of Congo.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Malaria vector diversity, transmission and insecticide resistance in Island communities along the Volta lake in Southern Ghana.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Malaria transmission risk in the city of Accra, Ghana: vector behavior and distribution.Research square · 2025Article
- A matter of timing: Biting by malaria-infected Anopheles mosquitoes and the use of interventions during the night in rural south-eastern Tanzania.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Distribution of Anopheles gambiae thioester-containing protein 1 alleles along malaria transmission gradients in The Gambia.Malaria journal · 2023Article
- Clinical manifestations and outcomes of severe malaria in adult patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in the Gambia.Malaria journal · 2022Article
- Evolution of thePathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Evolution of the Pyrethroids Target-Site Resistance Mechanisms in Senegal: Early Stage of theGenes · 2021Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe scale-up of indoor residual spraying and long-lasting insecticidal nets, together with other interventions have considerably reduced the malaria burden in The Gambia. This study examined the biting and resting preferences of the local insecticide-resistant vector populations few years following scale-up of anti-vector interventions.
methodIndoor and outdoor-resting Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes were collected between July and October 2019 from ten villages in five regions in The Gambia using pyrethrum spray collection (indoor) and prokopack aspirator from pit traps (outdoor). Polymerase chain reaction assays were performed to identify molecular species, insecticide resistance mutations, Plasmodium infection rate and host blood meal.
resultsA total of 844 mosquitoes were collected both indoors (421, 49.9%) and outdoors (423, 50.1%). Four main vector species were identified, including An. arabiensis (indoor: 15%, outdoor: 26%); An. coluzzii (indoor: 19%, outdoor: 6%), An. gambiae s.s. (indoor: 11%, outdoor: 16%), An. melas (indoor: 2%, outdoor: 0.1%) and hybrids of An. coluzzii-An. gambiae s.s (indoors: 3%, outdoors: 2%). A significant preference for outdoor resting was observed in An. arabiensis (Pearson X2 = 22.7, df = 4, P<0.001) and for indoor resting in An. coluzzii (Pearson X2 = 55.0, df = 4, P<0.001). Prevalence of the voltage-gated sodium channel (Vgsc)-1014S was significantly higher in the indoor-resting (allele freq. = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.78-1, P = 0.03) than outdoor-resting (allele freq. = 0.82, 95%CI: 0.76-0.87) An. arabiensis population. For An. coluzzii, the prevalence of most mutation markers was higher in the outdoor (allele freq. = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.81-0.98) than indoor-resting (allele freq. = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.56-0.86) mosquitoes. However, in An. gambiae s.s., the prevalence of Vgsc-1014F, Vgsc-1575Y and GSTe2-114T was high (allele freq. = 0.96-1), but did not vary by resting location. The overall sporozoite positivity rate was 1.3% (95% CI: 0.5-2%) in mosquito populations. Indoor-resting An. coluzzii had mainly fed on human blood while indoor-resting An. arabiensis fed on animal blood.
conclusionIn this study, high levels of resistance mutations were observed that could be influencing the mosquito populations to rest indoors or outdoors. The prevalent animal-biting behaviour demonstrated in the mosquito populations suggest that larval source management could be an intervention to complement vector control in this setting.
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