ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2021
A Comprehensive Approach to Assuring Quality of Laboratory Testing in HIV Surveys: Lessons Learned From the Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment Project.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04117984 (Swaziland HIV Incidence Measurement Survey), which is not on this map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Swaziland HIV Incidence Measurement Survey (SHIMS 2, 2016): a Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (PHIA)
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- HIV prevalence and associated factors among women in urban Ethiopia: findings from the Ethiopian Population-based HIV Impact Assessment.IJID regions · 2026Article
- Validating HIV Viral Suppression Threshold Adjustments for Comparable Estimates Using Data From Nationally Representative Household Surveys in Sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026Article
- HIV-1 variants in population-based national surveys in sub-Saharan Africa, 2015-2022.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- An HIV-1 Risk Assessment Tool for Men Aged 15-59 years in 13 African Countries: A Pooled Analysis of Nationally Representative Surveys.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026Article
- Piloting the feasibility of a population-based joint TB-HIV survey in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa, 2019.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Decreasing Adult Prevalence of Advanced HIV Disease From 2 Population-Based HIV Impact Assessments in Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, 2015-2023.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Performance of national HIV testing algorithms in 14 Population-based HIV Impact Assessment surveys: accuracy of HIV diagnosis using a two-test strategy, with or without a tie-breaker test, in different prevalence settings, 2015-2022.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- Getting back on track to meet global anaemia reduction targets: a Lancet Haematology Commission.The Lancet. Haematology · 2025Review
- Factors associated with awareness of and willingness to use PrEP among stable, heterosexual HIV-serodifferent couples in seven African countries, 2019-2022.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Article
- Article
- A Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Risk Assessment Tool for Women Aged 15-49 Years in African Countries: A Pooled Analysis Across 15 Nationally Representative Surveys.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
- People Who Self-Reported Testing HIV-Positive but Tested HIV-Negative: A Multi-Country Puzzle of Data, Serology, and Ethics, 2015-2021.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Progress towards the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets in the Fifth Botswana AIDS Impact Survey (BAIS V 2021): a nationally representative survey.The lancet. HIV · 2024Article
- Brief Report: Self-Reported HIV-Positive Status but Subsequent HIV-Negative Test Results in Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment Survey Participants-11 Sub-Saharan African Countries, 2015-2018.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2024Article
- HIV risk behaviour, viraemia, and transmission across HIV cascade stages including low-level viremia: Analysis of 14 cross-sectional population-based HIV Impact Assessment surveys in sub-Saharan Africa.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Risk Factors for Recent HIV Infections among Adults in 14 Countries in Africa Identified by Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment Surveys, 2015-2019.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Trends in HIV prevalence, incidence, and progress towards the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets in Malawi among individuals aged 15-64 years: population-based HIV impact assessments, 2015-16 and 2020-21.The lancet. HIV · 2023Article
- Factors associated with viral suppression among adults living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria: Analysis of a population-based survey, 2018.HIV medicine · 2023Article
- Point of Care CD4 Testing in National Household Surveys - Results and Quality Indicators from Eleven Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment (PHIA) Surveys.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Adult HIV-1 incidence across 15 high-burden countries in sub-Saharan Africa from 2015 to 2019: a pooled analysis of nationally representative data.The lancet. HIV · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
26 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundConducting HIV surveys in resource-limited settings is challenging because of logistics, limited availability of trained personnel, and complexity of testing. We described the procedures and systems deemed critical to ensure high-quality laboratory data in the population-based HIV impact assessments and large-scale household surveys.
methodsLaboratory professionals were engaged in every stage of the surveys, including protocol development, site assessments, procurement, training, quality assurance, monitoring, analysis, and reporting writing. A tiered network of household, satellite laboratories, and central laboratories, accompanied with trainings, optimized process for blood specimen collection, storage, transport, and real-time monitoring of specimen quality, and test results at each level proved critical in maintaining specimen integrity and high-quality testing. A plausibility review of aggregate merged data was conducted to confirm associations between key variables as a final quality check for quality of laboratory results.
resultsOverall, we conducted a hands-on training for 3355 survey staff across 13 surveys, with 160-387 personnel trained per survey on biomarker processes. Extensive training and monitoring demonstrated that overall, 99% of specimens had adequate volume and 99.8% had no hemolysis, indicating high quality. We implemented quality control and proficiency testing for testing, resolved discrepancies, verified >300 Pima CD4 instruments, and monitored user errors. Aggregate data review for plausibility further confirmed the high quality of testing.
conclusionsOngoing engagement of laboratory personnel to oversee processes at all levels of the surveys is critical for successful national surveys. High-quality population-based HIV impact assessments laboratory data ensured reliable results and demonstrated the impact of HIV programs in 13 countries.
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