Observational studyOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA2021
Long-term risk of subsequent major osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture in men and women: a population-based observational study with a 25-year follow-up.
Observational study in Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effect of photobiomodulation on pain relief and functional improvement in fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Association between a history of major osteoporotic fractures and subsequent hip fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of osteoporosis · 2024Pooled it
- Comparison of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and lumbar radiographs using deep learning for osteoporosis diagnosis.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2026Article
- Knowledge, attitude, and practice about osteoporosis in women with osteoporosis in Iran.Archives of osteoporosis · 2025Article
- Optimal age for screening lumbar osteoporosis in celiac disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Introduction of an order set after hip fracture improves osteoporosis medication initiation and persistence: a population-based before-after analysis.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2024Article
- Refracture and mortality risk in the elderly with osteoporotic fractures: the AGES-Reykjavik study.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2024Observational
- Decrease in incidence of distal radius fractures in Oslo, Norway.Archives of osteoporosis · 2024Article
- Advances in Osteoporosis Therapy: Focus on Osteoanabolic Agents, Secondary Fracture Prevention, and Perioperative Bone Health.Current osteoporosis reports · 2023Review
- Cluster analysis demonstrates co-existing sites of fragility fracture and associated comorbidities.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2022Article
- Time dependency in early major osteoporotic and hip re-fractures in women and men aged 50 years and older: a population-based observational study.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2022Observational
- Deep learning for screening primary osteopenia and osteoporosis using spine radiographs and patient clinical covariates in a Chinese population.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The risk of subsequent major osteoporotic and hip fracture following an initial fracture was increased in both sexes over 25 years, with modest time-dependent attenuation. This risk was highest in men, underscoring the importance of targeted treatment strategies particularly in this under-treated population.
introductionThe risk of subsequent fractures is increased following an index fracture, and declines over time. We aimed to determine whether this risk was sustained over 25 years and evolved similarly in men and women.
methodsUsing population-based databases, we performed a matched cohort study in 16,876 men and 39,230 women ≥ 50 years who sustained an index fracture during 1989-2006. Rates of subsequent major osteoporotic fractures (MOF) and hip fractures until 2016 were compared to rates for matched controls (n = 160,983). Age- and sex-stratified cumulative incidences to 25 years were estimated in the presence of competing mortality. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for subsequent fractures were estimated for each on the first 15 years of follow-up with a final category ≥ 15 years, adjusted for comorbidities.
resultsRisk for MOF and hip fractures remained elevated up to 25 years in both sexes. The cumulative incidence of fractures was higher in cases vs controls in both sexes and across all age categories except in those > 90 years. Crude rate ratios for subsequent MOF were 2.5 (95% CI 2.3-2.7) in men and 1.6 (95% CI 1.6-1.7) in women and were higher in the younger age groups. Adjusted HRs (aHRs) for subsequent MOF were higher in men than in women in the first year (men aHR 2.6, 95% CI 2.1-3.3; women aHR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4-1.7).
conclusionsThe risk of subsequent fractures following an initial fracture was increased over 25 years and the magnitude of risk was initially greater in men than in women.
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