SynthesisEuropean archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry2022
An update of the aetiological factors involved in molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH): a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT06330272 (Accuracy of Spectrophotometry in Determining the Mineralization of Molar-incisor Hypomineralization Lesions by CPP-ACPF Dental Mousse), which is not on this map. Cited by 119 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Accuracy of Spectrophotometry in Determining the Mineralization of Molar-incisor Hypomineralization Lesions by CPP-ACPF Dental Mousse: Clinical Study
Who cites it
119 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 200 citations in OpenAlex.
- Restorative interventions and management of primary and permanent molars affected by molar incisor hypo-mineralization: a systematic review.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence and association of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) in patients presenting dental fluorosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- Association of hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPM) and hypomineralized primary canines (HPC) with molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH): a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- The association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and dental development in offspring: a systematic review.Evidence-based dentistry · 2025Pooled it
- Desensitization treatment in MIH-affected teeth: a systematic review.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2025Pooled it
- Association of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization with Hypomineralized Second Primary Molars: An Updated Systematic Review with a Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis.Caries research · 2025Pooled it
- Association between antibiotic exposure and adverse outcomes of children and pregnant women: evidence from an umbrella review.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2023Pooled it
- Association between respiratory diseases and molar-incisor hypomineralization: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Clinical performance of glass hybrid and short fiber-reinforced composite restorations in MIH-affected molars: A 60-month split-mouth randomized controlled trial.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Trial
- Randomized clinical trial of photobiomodulation and glass ionomer sealant for hypersensitivity in molar incisor hypomineralization.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Prevalence and Possible Etiological Factors of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) in Population of Silesian Children in Poland: A Pilot Retrospective Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Effects of antibiotics on the developing enamel in neonatal mice.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2022Trial
- Distinct patterns of caries, erosive tooth wear, and hypomineralization in preschool children: a population-based study of associated factors.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Are childhood diseases associated with Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization? - Results from an observational study.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Observational
- Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Pediatric Subjects with Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: An Umbrella Review of Domain-Specific Impact and Treatment-Related Changes.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Increasing Diagnosis of Enamel Hypomineralisation in a Sample of More Than 70 000 Children in the City of Zurich: Repeated Cross-Sectional Prevalence Analyses and a Retrospective Longitudinal Cohort Analysis.International journal of paediatric dentistry · 2026Observational
- Comparative label-free quantitative proteomics of hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM) and molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) reveals divergent enamel protein signatures underpinning distinct pathogenic mechanisms.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2026Article
- High prevalence of molar-incisor hypomineralisation in sickle cell disease children and the association with haematologic profile: a retrospective cohort study.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2026Article
- Impact of Secondhand Smoke on the Biomineralization of Dental Enamel in Rats.Calcified tissue international · 2026Article
- Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation in Children: The Essential Role of Paediatricians.Journal of paediatrics and child health · 2026Review
59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo systematically review the aetiological factors associated with molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH). To this day, the aetiology remains unknown. Determining risk factors would allow risk assessment and enhance early diagnosis of MIH in young patients. The aim was to assess, evaluate and summarise the relationship between MIH and reported aetiological hypotheses.
methodsElectronic database searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO, LILACS and Cochrane Library were conducted. Authors conformed to PRISMA guidelines. Studies were screened, data extracted, assessment of risk of bias and calibration was completed by two independent reviewers. Meta-analyses with heterogeneity calculations were performed.
resultsOf the potential 8949 studies, 64 studies were included in the qualitative analysis whilst 45 were included in the quantitative analysis. Prenatal factors: results are inconclusive as only unspecified maternal illnesses appear to be linked to MIH. Perinatal factors: prematurity (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.24-1.70; p = 0.0002) and caesarean delivery (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.09, 1.93; p < 0.00001) are associated with an increased risk of developing MIH. Birth complications are also highlighted. These three factors can lead to hypoxia, and children with perinatal hypoxia are more likely to develop MIH (OR 2.76; 95% CI 2.09-3.64; p < 0.0001). Postnatal factors: measles, urinary tract infection, otitis media, gastric disorders, bronchitis, kidney diseases, pneumonia and asthma are associated with MIH. Fever and antibiotic use, which may be considered as consequences of childhood illnesses, are also associated with MIH. Genetic factors: an increasing number of studies highlight the genetic and epigenetic influences in the development of MIH.
conclusionSeveral systemic and genetic and/or epigenetic factors acting synergistically or additively are associated with MIH, revealing a multifactorial aetiology model. Peri- and postnatal aetiological factors are more likely to increase the odds of causing MIH than prenatal factors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.