ArticlePrevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research2021
A Unification of Mediator, Confounder, and Collider Effects.
Article in Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Deciphering the obesity paradox in phenotypic age acceleration through thyroid hormone sensitivity: results from NHANES 2007-2010.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2026Article
- Association between modified same-intercostal chest tube placement and acute postoperative pain after uniportal VATS lobectomy: an overlap weighted retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Resilience factors counteract intergenerational risk for adolescent maladjustment related to family mental health history and childhood adversity.Developmental psychology · 2025Article
- Conscientiousness personality is associated with increased thyroid nodule risk and sleep quality plays a masking role in this association.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sexual Orientation, Pubertal Timing, Inhibitory Control, and Adolescent Depressive Symptoms: A Birth Cohort Study.Archives of sexual behavior · 2025Article
- A fearful adult attachment style is associated with double the presence of chronic pain compared to secure attachment: A national survey of a South African population.British journal of health psychology · 2025Article
- Causal Inference Approaches Reveal Associations Between LDL Oxidation, NO Metabolism, Telomere Length and DNA Integrity Within the MARK-AGE Study.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exposure to volatile organic compounds and sarcopenia risk in US adults based on NHANES.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Impact of socioeconomic status on obesity in older adults: the suppressive effect of social support and sleep quality.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Pain Severity and Experiences with Pain Management Predict Alcohol Use Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Living with HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Shorter post-infusion cooling times at least as effective as longer cooling times - An observational study of taxane- and anthracycline-based chemotherapies in the Dutch Scalp Cooling Registry.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025Observational
- Risk of hypothyroidism in meat-eaters, fish-eaters, and vegetarians: a population-based prospective study.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- The Imperative for Hazard- and Place-Specific Assessment of Heat Vulnerability.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Article
- Is fluid balance in the first 14 days of life associated with respiratory outcomes in extremely premature neonates? EBM Lesson: Covariate selection in an observation study.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Article
- Place effects on adult obesity and cardiometabolic health: Evidence from a natural experiment.Health & place · 2025Article
- The association between total social exposure and incident multimorbidity: A population-based cohort study.SSM - population health · 2025Article
- Death attitudes and good life experience: the mediation and suppression effects of intrinsic and extrinsic goals.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Reducing behavior problems in children born after an unintended pregnancy: the generation R study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Third-variable effects, such as mediation and confounding, are core concepts in prevention science, providing the theoretical basis for investigating how risk factors affect behavior and how interventions change behavior. Another third variable, the collider, is not commonly considered but is also important for prevention science. This paper describes the importance of the collider effect as well as the similarities and differences between these three third-variable effects. The single mediator model in which the third variable (T) is a mediator of the independent variable (X) to dependent variable (Y) effect is used to demonstrate how to estimate each third-variable effect. We provide difference in coefficients and product of coefficients estimators of the effects and demonstrate how to calculate these values with real data. Suppression effects are defined for each type of third-variable effect. Future directions and implications of these results are discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.