ArticleWorld journal of gastrointestinal endoscopy2021
Anatomic variations of the intra-hepatic biliary tree in the Caribbean: A systematic review.
Article in World journal of gastrointestinal endoscopy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Anatomical Landscape of Living Donor Livers: A 101-Case Retrospective Single-Center Study in Indonesia From 2010 to 2025.Annals of transplantation · 2026Article
- Assessment of biliary tree anatomy and its clinical implications.Biomedical reports · 2026Article
- Review
- An uncommon case of right hepatic duct entering cystic duct associated to multiple complications of biliary tract disease: acute pancreatitis, hepatolithiasis, acute cholecystitis and hepatic abscess.Journal of surgical case reports · 2024Article
- Recent advances in computerized imaging and its vital roles in liver disease diagnosis, preoperative planning, and interventional liver surgery: A review.World journal of gastrointestinal surgery · 2023Review
- Association between anatomic variations of extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts: Do look up!Journal of anatomy · 2023Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundIn the classic descriptions of the human liver, the common hepatic duct forms at the confluence of left and right hepatic ducts. Many authors have documented variations in the intra-hepatic ductal system, but to the best of our knowledge there has been no report on bile duct variations in Caribbean populations.
aimTo evaluate the variations in bile duct anatomy using magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) in unselected patients at a major hepatobiliary referral centre in the Eastern Caribbean. Knowledge of the intra-hepatic biliary anatomy is important to optimize service delivery for any physician treating liver and biliary disorders.
methodsThis study was carried out at a tertiary referral hospital for hepatobiliary diseases in the Eastern Caribbean. We retrospectively evaluated magnetic resonance cholangiograms in 152 consecutive patients at this facility over a two-year period from April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2019. Two consultant radiologists experienced in MRC interpretation reviewed all scans and described biliary anatomy according to the Huang's classification. A systematic review of published studies was performed and relevant data were extracted in order to calculate the global prevalence of each biliary variant. The variants in our population were compared to the global population.
resultsThere were 152 MRCs evaluated in this study in 86 males and 66 females. There were 109 (71.7%) persons with "classic" biliary anatomy (type A1) and variants were present in 43 (28.3%) persons. There was no statistical relationship between the presence of anatomic variants and gender or ethnicity. We encountered the following variants: 29 (19.1%) type A2, 7 (4.6%) type A3, 6 (3.95%) type A4, 0 type A5 and a single variant (quadrification) that did not fit the classification system. Compared to the global prevalence, our population had a significantly greater occurrence of A1 anatomy (71.7%
conclusionThere are significant differences in intra-hepatic biliary anatomy in this unselected Eastern Caribbean population compared to global statistics. Specifically, persons of Caribbean descent have a greater incidence of Huang A2 trifurcations and a lower incidence of Huang A3 variants.
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