Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34163480›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021

B Cell Metabolism and Autophagy in Autoimmunity.

Iwan G A Raza, Alexander J Clarke

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
68citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.0field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

68 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. The Role of Vitamin D in Autoimmune Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Taurine corrects lupus CD4Nutrition & metabolism · 2025
    Article
  20. Article

8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Iwan G A RazaMedical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Alexander J ClarkeKennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
University of Oxford · GB

Funding

Wellcome Trust 211072/Z/18/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

B cells are central to the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune diseases, through antigen presentation, cytokine secretion, and the production of autoantibodies. During development and differentiation, B cells undergo drastic changes in their physiology. It is emerging that these are accompanied by equally significant shifts in metabolic phenotype, which may themselves also drive and enforce the functional properties of the cell. The dysfunction of B cells during autoimmunity is characterised by the breaching of tolerogenic checkpoints, and there is developing evidence that the metabolic state of B cells may contribute to this. Determining the metabolic phenotype of B cells in autoimmunity is an area of active study, and is important because intervention by metabolism-altering therapeutic approaches may represent an attractive treatment target.

Indexed as

AutoimmunityAutophagyEnergy MetabolismAutoimmune DiseasesBiomarkersB-LymphocytesDisease SusceptibilityHumansLymphocyte ActivationLymphopoiesisMolecular Targeted TherapyBiomarkersautoimmunityautophagyB cellB cell development and differentiationmetabolismSLE - systemic lupus erythematosus

Identifiers

PMID34163480
PMCPMC8215381
OpenAlexW3168850676

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.