ReviewFrontiers in neurology2021
The Role of B Cells in Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating the role of serum IL-6 in predicting outcomes of b-cell depleting therapy in multiple sclerosis: a retrospective cohort study.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid-induced oligodendrogliopathy in vitro and the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2026Article
- Early Combined B-Cell Depletion and BTK Inhibition Reduced TLS-like Structures and Relapse in PLPInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Dehydrocostus Lactone Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation by Targeting CYP2A6 to Improve Ischemic Brain Injury.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- CXCL13 Damages Blood Spinal Cord Barrier by Promoting RNF6/Sqstm1-Ubiquitination Induced Autophagy in Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Review
- B cell-extrinsic and intrinsic factors linked to early immune repletion after anti-CD20 therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis of African ancestry.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Rituximab for antibody-negative combined central and peripheral demyelination presenting with acute respiratory failure: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Distinct adaptive immune receptor feature of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) treatment of psoriasis.Archives of dermatological research · 2024Article
- Recent Progress in Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Using Immune Cells as Targets.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- People with Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Have a Lower Number of Central Memory T Cells and HLA-DRCells · 2023Article
- Extracellular Vesicles in Chronic Demyelinating Diseases: Prospects in Treatment and Diagnosis of Autoimmune Neurological Disorders.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Review
- Cytotoxic B Cells in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Identification of a novel role for matrix metalloproteinase-3 in the modulation of B cell responses in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- B-Cell and T-Cell Populations in Peripheral Blood Linked to Ocrelizumab Treatment Efficacy in Multiple Sclerosis.In vivo (Athens, Greece)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The success of ocrelizumab in reducing confirmed disability accumulation in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) via CD20-targeted depletion implicates B cells as causal agents in the pathogenesis of PPMS. This review explores the possible mechanisms by which B cells contribute to disease progression in PPMS, specifically exploring cytokine production, antigen presentation, and antibody synthesis. B cells may contribute to disease progression in PPMS through cytokine production, specifically GM-CSF and IL-6, which can drive naïve T-cell differentiation into pro-inflammatory Th1/Th17 cells. B cell production of the cytokine LT-α may induce follicular dendritic cell production of CXCL13 and lead indirectly to T and B cell infiltration into the CNS. In contrast, production of IL-10 by B cells likely induces an anti-inflammatory effect that may play a role in reducing neuroinflammation in PPMS. Therefore, reduced production of IL-10 may contribute to disease worsening. B cells are also capable of potent antigen presentation and may induce pro-inflammatory T-cell differentiation via cognate interactions. B cells may also contribute to disease activity via antibody synthesis, although it's unlikely the benefit of ocrelizumab in PPMS occurs via antibody decrement. Finally, various B cell subsets likely promulgate pro- or anti-inflammatory effects in MS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.