ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2021
Ocular Surface Changes in Patients with Thyroid Eye Disease: An Observational Clinical Study.
Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meibomian gland dysfunction in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluation of Dry Eye Parameters in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Peripheral Hypertrophic Subepithelial Corneal Degeneration.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Exploring tear fluid biomarkers and the ocular surface in thyroid eye disease.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Article
- Associations between quantitative ocular surface features and CT morphology of the levator palpebrae superioris complex in patients with thyroid eye disease and upper eyelid retraction: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Light Discomfort Thresholds in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Active versus Mild Non-Active Thyroid Eye Disease.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics of dry eye patients with thyroid disorders: a cross-sectional study.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Quantifying anterior segment vascular changes in thyroid eye disease using optical coherence tomography angiography.BMC medical imaging · 2025Article
- Research progress on the immune mechanism of thyroid-related eye disease combined with dry eye.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2025Article
- Beyond the Thyroid: A Narrative Review of Extra-thyroidal Manifestations in Hashimoto's Disease.Cureus · 2024Review
- Dixon MRI-based quantitative parameters of extraocular muscles, intraorbital fat, and lacrimal glands for staging thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.Insights into imaging · 2024Article
- Radiological measurements of lacrimal gland in thyroid eye disease.International ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Ocular surface disease index in Graves' orbitopathy: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- The Association between Autoimmune Thyroid Disease and Ocular Surface Damage: A Retrospective Population-Based Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Changes in Dry Eye Status after Steroid Pulse and Orbital Radiation Therapies in Active Thyroid Eye Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Ocular surface disease in thyroid eye disease: A narrative review.The ocular surface · 2022Review
- Meibomian Gland Loss and Dysfunction in Mild versus Moderate-Severe Thyroid Eye Disease.Journal of current ophthalmologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study aimed to compare ocular surface parameter changes in active and inactive thyroid eye disease (TED) patients and controls.
methodsThis is an observational clinical study that included 60 eyes divided into three groups following clinical activity score (CAS) assessment. The first group (Group A) comprised 20 eyes with active TED (CAS score ≥3/7), while the second group (Group B) comprised 20 eyes with inactive TED (CAS score <3/7) and the third group (Group C) comprised 20 eyes of controls without dry eye manifestations. The palpebral fissure height, degree of proptosis, degree of lagophthalmos, ocular surface disease index (OSDI), Schirmer test without anesthesia, corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), non-invasive tear break-up time (NITBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), lipid layer thickness (LLT), meiboscore, meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), and thyroid antibodies were assessed and data were compared between study participants.
resultsThe mean OSDI was 40.0 ±5.80 in Group A, which significantly differed from Group B with a mean of 26.5 ±5.10 (p=0.02). There were significant differences between the two groups regarding palpebral fissure height (p=0.02), amount of proptosis (p=0.008), and degree of lagophthalmos (p=0.001). Similarly, active TED patients had more decreased tear secretion than inactive TED patients (p=0.012). Moreover, active TED patients showed a significant increase in Meibomian gland loss areas in both upper and lower eyelids compared with inactive TED patients (p=0.001). Corneal fluorescein staining also revealed a statistically significant difference between the studied groups (p=0.0001).
conclusionThis study showed differences regarding ocular surface parameter changes between both active and inactive TED and compared to controls. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.
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