Trial reportNature2021
Caloric restriction disrupts the microbiota and colonization resistance.
Open access · bronzeAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph
Trial report in Nature, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 118 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
118citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
10.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
118 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 206 citations in OpenAlex.
- Roles of the gut microbiome in weight management.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2023Pooled it
- Impact of Food-Based Weight Loss Interventions on Gut Microbiome in Individuals with Obesity: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Machine learning identifies microbiome and clinical predictors of sustained weight loss following prolonged fasting.Genome medicine · 2026Trial
- Testosterone administration partially modulates gut microbiota responses to severe energy deficit.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Trial
- Food- vs. supplement-based very-low-energy diets and gut microbiome composition in women with high body mass index: A randomized controlled trial.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Trial
- A legume-enriched diet improves metabolic health in prediabetes mediated through gut microbiome: a randomized controlled trial.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Modulating the human gut microbiome and health markers through kombucha consumption: a controlled clinical study.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- The Effects of Caloric Restriction and Clinical Psychological Intervention on the Interplay of Gut Microbial Composition and Stress in Women.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Gut microbiome remodeling and metabolomic profile improves in response to protein pacing with intermittent fasting versus continuous caloric restriction.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Changes in bile acid subtypes and improvements in lipid metabolism and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk: the Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS Lost) trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Trial
- Gut microbiota predicts body fat change following a low-energy diet: a PREVIEW intervention study.Genome medicine · 2022Trial
- Calorie restriction improves metabolic state independently of gut microbiome composition: a randomized dietary intervention trial.Genome medicine · 2022Trial
- The gut microbiota and host immunity synergistically orchestrate colonization resistance.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Lipedema and obesity: biological interactions, diagnostic challenges, and principles of interdisciplinary management - a narrative review.Adipocyte · 2026Review
- Article
- The Nexus of Gut Microbiome, Microbial Metabolites, and Colonization Resistance Against Enteric Pathogens.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Dietary Regulation of Intestinal Stem Cell Function: Nutrient-Sensing, Microbiota-Mediated, and Regenerative Mechanisms from a Dietetic Perspective.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Rapid early life colonization of the intestinal tract by Akkermansia muciniphila after voluntary feeding.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Review
- The interactions of diet, mood, and the gut microbiome during an eight-week submarine deployment.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
18 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Reiner Jumpertz von Schwartzenberg *Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Berlin, Germany.
Jordan E Bisanz *Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8649-1706
Svetlana LyalinaGladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Peter SpanogiannopoulosDepartment of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Qi Yan AngDepartment of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9788-1283
Jingwei CaiCenter for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Sophia DickmannCharité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Berlin, Germany.
Marie FriedrichCharité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Berlin, Germany.
Su-Yang LiuDepartment of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Stephanie L CollinsCenter for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Danielle IngebrigtsenDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Steve MillerDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Jessie A TurnbaughDepartment of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Andrew D PattersonCenter for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2073-0070
Katherine S PollardGladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9870-6196
Knut MaiCharité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Berlin, Germany.
Joachim SprangerCharité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Berlin, Germany. joachim.spranger@charite.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8900-4467
Peter J TurnbaughDepartment of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. peter.turnbaugh@ucsf.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0888-2875
University of California, San Francisco · USPennsylvania State University · USCharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin · DEGerman Centre for Cardiovascular Research · DEGladstone Institutes · USBerlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin · DE
Funding
UCSF Nutrition Obesity Research CenterP30DK098722 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI CHRISTIAN VAISSE · 2015 to 2026
$14.6MPredicting and preventing drug metabolism by the human gut microbiomeR01HL122593 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Peter James Turnbaugh · 2016 to 2026
$5.7MEmploying the gut microbiome to accelerate effective initiation of rheumatoid arthritis therapyR01AR074500 · NIAMS · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI Renuka Rajendra Nayak, Jose U. Scher · 2019 to 2026
$4.1MHost-microbiome interactions shape the metabolic effects of ketogenic dietsR01DK114034 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI TURNBAUGH, PETER JAMES · 2020 to 2024
$2.5MDiet-microbe interactions modulating host energy balanceR00AI147165 · NIAID · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI BISANZ, JORDAN ADAM · 2021 to 2022
$498k(PQ10) Harnessing the human gut microbiome to predict chemotherapy outcomesR21CA227232 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI ATREYA, CHLOE E., TURNBAUGH, PETER JAMES · 2018 to 2019
$378kDiet-microbe interactions modulating host energy balanceK99AI147165 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI BISANZ, JORDAN ADAM · 2020 to 2020
$136kNCI NIH HHS R21 CA227232NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL122593NIAID NIH HHS K99 AI147165NIAID NIH HHS R00 AI147165NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR074500NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK098722NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK114034NIH HHS 1R01 AR074500NIH HHS 1R01 DK114034
Abstract
Diet is a major factor that shapes the gut microbiome
Indexed as
Caloric RestrictionDiet, ReducingAdiposityAnimalsBacteriaBacterial ToxinsBile Acids and SaltsBody WeightClostridioides difficileEnergy MetabolismGastrointestinal MicrobiomeHumansIntestinal AbsorptionMaleMiceNutrientsBacterial ToxinsBile Acids and SaltsNutrients
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
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Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.