ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2021
Meningeal B Cell Clusters Correlate with Submeningeal Pathology in a Natural Model of Multiple Sclerosis.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurodegenerative diseases and immune system: From pathogenic mechanism to therapy.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Skull bone marrow and skull meninges channels: redefining the landscape of central nervous system immune surveillance.Cell death & disease · 2025Review
- The role of regulatory T cells in central nervous system diseases in dogs: fighting with a double-edged sword toward translational discoveries.American journal of translational research · 2025Review
- Magnetic resonance imaging subtraction vs. pre- and post-contrast 3D gradient recalled echo fat suppressed imaging for evaluation of the canine and feline brain.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Recent Progress in Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Using Immune Cells as Targets.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- The cerebrospinal fluid immune cell landscape in animal models of multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Review
- A shortened whole brain radiation therapy protocol for meningoencephalitis of unknown origin in dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Editorial: Role of Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an idiopathic demyelinating disease in which meningeal inflammation correlates with accelerated disease progression. The study of meningeal inflammation in MS has been limited because of constrained access to MS brain/spinal cord specimens and the lack of experimental models recapitulating progressive MS. Unlike induced models, a spontaneously occurring model would offer a unique opportunity to understand MS immunopathogenesis and provide a compelling framework for translational research. We propose granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis (GME) as a natural model to study neuropathological aspects of MS. GME is an idiopathic, progressive neuroinflammatory disease of young dogs with a female bias. In the GME cases examined in this study, the meninges displayed focal and disseminated leptomeningeal enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging, which correlated with heavy leptomeningeal lymphocytic infiltration. These leptomeningeal infiltrates resembled tertiary lymphoid organs containing large B cell clusters that included few proliferating Ki67
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.