Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34162657›Full record

ArticleCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology2021

Updated Methodology for Projecting U.S.- and State-Level Cancer Counts for the Current Calendar Year: Part I: Spatio-temporal Modeling for Cancer Incidence.

Benmei Liu, Li Zhu, Joe Zou, Huann-Sheng Chen, Kimberly D Miller, Ahmedin Jemal, Rebecca L Siegel, Eric J Feuer

Abstract readComment
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Spatiotemporal Modeling Approach to Mapping Geographic and Temporal Variation in Cancer Incidence Rates for US Counties.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026
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  12. Cancer statistics for Hispanic/Latino people, 2026.CA: a cancer journal for clinicians
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  14. Prostate cancer statistics, 2025.CA: a cancer journal for clinicians
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  15. Cancer statistics, 2026.CA: a cancer journal for clinicians
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  16. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Benmei Liu *Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, NCI, Rockville, Maryland. liub2@mail.nih.gov.
Li Zhu *Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, NCI, Rockville, Maryland.
Joe ZouInformation Management Services, Inc, Calverton, Maryland.
Huann-Sheng ChenDivision of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, NCI, Rockville, Maryland.
Kimberly D MillerAmerican Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia.
Ahmedin JemalAmerican Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia.ORCID 0000-0002-0000-4111
Rebecca L Siegel *American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia.ORCID 0000-0001-5247-8522
Eric J Feuer *Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, NCI, Rockville, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0003-4842-7751

Funding

Intramural NIH HHS Z99 CA999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe American Cancer Society (ACS) and the NCI collaborate every 5-8 years to update the methods for estimating numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the current year in the United States and in every state and the District of Columbia. In this article, we reevaluate the statistical method for estimating unavailable historical incident cases which are needed for projecting the current year counts.

methodsWe compared the current county-level model developed in 2012 (M0) with three new models, including a state-level mixed effect model (M1) and two state-level hierarchical Bayes models with varying random effects (M2 and M3). We used 1996-2014 incidence data for 16 sex-specific cancer sites to fit the models. An average absolute relative deviation (AARD) comparing the observed with the model-specific predicted counts was calculated for each site. Models were also cross-validated for six selected sex-specific cancer sites.

resultsFor the cross-validation, the AARD ranged from 2.8% to 33.0% for M0, 3.3% to 31.1% for M1, 6.6% to 30.5% for M2, and 10.4% to 393.2% for M3. M1 encountered the least technical issues in terms of model convergence and running time.

conclusionsThe state-level mixed effect model (M1) was overall superior in accuracy and computational efficiency and will be the new model for the ACS current year projection project. IMPACT: In addition to predicting the unavailable state-level historical incidence counts for cancer surveillance, the updated algorithms have broad applicability for disease mapping and other activities of public health planning, advocacy, and research.

Indexed as

NeoplasmsAmerican Cancer SocietyBayes TheoremFemaleForecastingHumansIncidenceMaleUnited States

Identifiers

PMID34162657
PMCPMC8419141

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.