ArticleBMC medicine2021
Health inequities and clustering of fever, acute respiratory infection, diarrhoea and wasting in children under five in low- and middle-income countries: a Demographic and Health Surveys analysis.
Article in BMC medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of childhood undernutrition in North Africa.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Associations between life-course household wealth mobility and adolescent physical growth, cognitive development and emotional and behavioral problems: A birth cohort in rural western China.Frontiers in public health · 2023Trial
- Trends in Two-Week Prevalence of Fever and Diarrhea Among Infants and Young Children in Rural - China, 2016-2025.China CDC weekly · 2026Article
- Co-Occurrence of Malaria, Pneumonia, and Diarrheal Disease Among Households: A Cohort Study in Rural Western Uganda.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2026Article
- The benefits of investments to combat HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria for primary healthcare from 2000 to 2023: An economic modeling analysis.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- Multidimensional energy poverty and childhood respiratory health across 26 low and lower middle income countries.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Machine learning-based prediction of fever among under-five children in Ethiopia: A national-level study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Effects of environment and globalization on the double and triple burdens of infection symptoms among under-five children across low-middle income countries using machine learning algorithms.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2025Article
- The impact of poverty on child malnutrition and health in Lebanon: the need for multisectoral interventions.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Inequalities in diarrhoea, pneumonia and measles deaths: estimates for 21 sub-Saharan African countries.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2025Article
- Equity effect of a community-based primary healthcare program on the incidence of childhood morbidity in rural Northern Ghana.Primary health care research & development · 2025Article
- Increasing childhood illnesses (diarrhea and fever) and decreasing care-seeking practices in Nepal: Insights from three most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (2011, 2016 and 2022).PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Health matters: a statistical approach to understand childhood illnesses in the North-East States of India, 2019-2021.BMC public health · 2024Article
- 2-week prevalence and associated factors of fever, diarrhea, and coexisting fever and diarrhea among children aged 6-23 months in rural Hunan Province.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Are children with disabilities more likely to be malnourished than children without disabilities? Evidence from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys in 30 countries.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2024Article
- Multidimensional energy poverty and acute respiratory infection in children under 5 years of age: evidence from 22 low-income and middle-income countries.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2023Article
- Routine Healthcare Facility- and Antenatal Care-Based Malaria Surveillance: Challenges and Opportunities.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- Individual and Contextual Factors Associated With Malaria Among Children 6-59 Months in Burkina Faso.International journal of public health · 2023Article
- Conflict driven displacement and child health: Evidence based on mother's nationality from Jordan Population and Family Health Survey.PloS one · 2021Article
- Acute respiratory infections and associated factors among under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel modified Poisson regression analysis of the latest DHS data.Therapeutic advances in infectious diseaseArticle
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPneumonia, diarrhoea and malaria are responsible for over one third of all deaths in children under the age of 5 years in low and middle sociodemographic index countries; many of these deaths are also associated with malnutrition. We explore the co-occurrence and clustering of fever, acute respiratory infection, diarrhoea and wasting and their relationship with equity-relevant variables.
methodsMultilevel, multivariate Bayesian logistic regression models were fitted to Demographic and Health Survey data from over 380,000 children in 39 countries. The relationship between outcome indicators (fever, acute respiratory infection, diarrhoea and wasting) and equity-relevant variables (wealth, access to health care and rurality) was examined. We quantified the geographical clustering and co-occurrence of conditions and a child's risk of multiple illnesses.
resultsThe prevalence of outcomes was very heterogeneous within and between countries. There was marked spatial clustering of conditions and co-occurrence within children. For children in the poorest households and those reporting difficulties accessing healthcare, there were significant increases in the probability of at least one of the conditions in 18 of 21 countries, with estimated increases in the probability of up to 0.23 (95% CrI, 0.06-0.40).
conclusionsThe prevalence of fever, acute respiratory infection, diarrhoea and wasting are associated with equity-relevant variables and cluster together. Via pathways of shared aetiology or risk, those children most disadvantaged disproportionately suffer from these conditions. This highlights the need for horizontal approaches, such as integrated community case management, with a focus on equity and targeted to those most at need.
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