ReviewInternational immunopharmacology2021
An update review of globally reported SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in preclinical and clinical stages.
Review in International immunopharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- A novel and safe SmartCapFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Discovery and development of a safe and efficient COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, STP2104, using a novel capping library screening method.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Effect of Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination on immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 vaccination.Clinical & translational immunology · 2025Article
- The predictive significance of uric acid to high density lipoprotein- cholesterol ratio and uric acid for the severity and mortality of coronavirus disease-19.BMC research notes · 2024Article
- Review
- Review
- The mRNA Vaccine Technology Era and the Future Control of Parasitic Infections.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2023Review
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Organoids: Their Implication in COVID-19 Modeling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- A perspective on SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles vaccines.International immunopharmacology · 2023Review
- Clinical implications of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Review
- COVID-19 and liver injury: An ongoing challenge.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Review
- Article
- Discovery of vaccine-like recombinant SARS-CoV-2 circulating in human.Virology journal · 2022Article
- Article
- Development of virus-like particles-based vaccines against coronaviruses.Biotechnology progress · 2022Review
- A subunit vaccine candidate based on the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 prevents infectious virus shedding in cats.Research in veterinary science · 2022Article
- An RBD-Based Diagnostic Method Useful for the Surveillance of Protective Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in the Population.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Therapeutic approaches and vaccination in fighting COVID-19 infections: A review.Gene reports · 2022Review
- Intranasal administration of a recombinant RBD vaccine induces long-term immunity against Omicron-included SARS-CoV-2 variants.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2022Article
- Nasal Nanovaccines for SARS-CoV-2 to Address COVID-19.Vaccines · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the rapidly spreading pandemic COVID-19 in the world. As an effective therapeutic strategy is not introduced yet and the rapid genetic variations in the virus, there is an emerging necessity to design, evaluate and apply effective new vaccines. An acceptable vaccine must elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses, must have the least side effects and the storage and transport systems should be available and affordable for all countries. These vaccines can be classified into different types: inactivated vaccines, live-attenuated virus vaccines, subunit vaccines, virus-like particles (VLPs), nucleic acid-based vaccines (DNA and RNA) and recombinant vector-based vaccines (replicating and non-replicating viral vector). According to the latest update of the WHO report on April 2nd, 2021, at least 85 vaccine candidates were being studied in clinical trial phases and 184 candidate vaccines were being evaluated in pre-clinical stages. In addition, studies have shown that other vaccines, including the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine and the Plant-derived vaccine, may play a role in controlling pandemic COVID-19. Herein, we reviewed the different types of COVID-19 candidate vaccines that are currently being evaluated in preclinical and clinical trial phases along with advantages, disadvantages or adverse reactions, if any.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.