ArticleCell reports2021
Immune checkpoint blockade reprograms systemic immune landscape and tumor microenvironment in obesity-associated breast cancer.
Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Cell reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
72citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.3field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbiome and Response to Therapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.Oncology research · 2026Pooled it
- Weight Loss and Omega-3 Supplementation Modulate the Microbiome in Women with Increased Breast Cancer Risk.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Trial
- Modulation of the response to immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer: the role of the microbiota and microbial metabolites in the tumor microenvironment.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoints and immunoregulation in metabolic diseases and cancers: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Therapeutic DC vaccination against the vascular antigen DLK1 effectively treats primary triple-negative breast cancer and prevents metastasis.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Exploring the role of metabolic disorders and gut microbiome in immune checkpoint regulation in cancer: PI3K/AKT/mTOR focus.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2026Review
- The impact of concomitant medications on treatment outcomes in patients with cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Obesity-induced metabolic reprogramming of the tumor immune microenvironment: mechanisms, spatial niches, and immunotherapy response.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Obesity, chronic breast inflammation and carcinogenesis: Molecular pathways and clinical implications (Review).International journal of oncology · 2026Review
- Establishment and evaluation of novel prognostic biomarkers based on systemic coagulation-inflammation index and related genes in breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Identification of breast cancer susceptibility genes via trans-ethnic Mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses.Medicine · 2025Article
- Macrophages in obesity-related breast cancer: mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Review
- Cellular Immunity in Obesity: Pathophysiological Insights and the Impact of Bariatric Surgery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Murine Models of Obesity-Related Cancer Risk.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Review
- Obesity enhances ovarian cancer chemotherapy efficacy through C1q-mediated tumor targeting and immune activation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- The Role of Obesity in the Regulation of Immunosuppressive Cell Infiltration and Immunosurveillance in Cancers.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- RORγ Bridges Cancer-Driven Lipid Dysmetabolism and Myeloid Immunosuppression.Cancer discovery · 2025Article
- The gut microbiome enhances breast cancer immunotherapy following bariatric surgery.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Body composition as a potential biomarker of recurrence risk in patients with triple-negative breast cancer.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Article
- The correlation between obesity and the occurrence and development of breast cancer.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Ajeeth K PingiliDepartment of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
Mehdi ChaibDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
Laura M SipeDepartment of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
Emily J MillerDepartment of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
Bin TengDepartment of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
Rahul SharmaDepartment of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
Johnathan R YarbroDepartment of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
Sarah AsemotaDepartment of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
Qusai Al AbdallahDepartment of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
Tahliyah S MimsDepartment of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
Tony N MarionDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Office of Vice Chancellor for Research, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
Deidre DariaOffice of Vice Chancellor for Research, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
Radhika SekhriDepartment of Pathology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
Alina M HamiltonDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Melissa A TroesterDepartment of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Heejoon JoDepartment of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
Hyo Young ChoiDepartment of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
D Neil HayesDepartment of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; UTHSC Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
Katherine L CookDepartment of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA.
Ramesh NarayananDepartment of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; UTHSC Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
Joseph F PierreDepartment of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA. Electronic address: jpierre1@uthsc.edu.
Liza MakowskiDepartment of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; UTHSC Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA. Electronic address: liza.makowski@uthsc.edu.
University of Tennessee Health Science Center · USUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · USWake Forest University · US
Funding
UNC-CH CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH &SUSCEPTIBILITYP30ES010126 · NIEHS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Stephanie Engel · 2001 to 2026
$36.3MUNITS: The UNC / UT National Clinical Trials Network Group Integrated Translational Science Production and Consultation CenterUG1CA233333 · NCI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI HAYES, DAVID N, MERKER, JASON DEREK · 2019 to 2025
$4.8MRacial Disparity in the Expression of Androgen Receptor Splice Variants (AR-SVs) in Prostate CancerR01CA229164 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE HEALTH SCI CTR · PI Ramesh Narayanan · 2019 to 2026
$3.2MRole of microbial-modulated bile acid receptor signaling in breast cancerR01CA253329 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE HEALTH SCI CTR · PI Katherine Loree Cook, Liza Makowski-Hayes · 2020 to 2026
$3.0MTransdisciplinary Research in Energetics and Cancer (TREC) Training GrantR25CA203650 · NCI · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI IRWIN, MELINDA L · 2016 to 2025
$2.9MObesity-driven Metabolic and Molecular Biomarkers of Metformin Response in Endometrial CancerR37CA226969 · NCI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI BAE-JUMP, VICTORIA LIN · 2018 to 2024
$2.5MPregnancy, Obesogenic Environments, and Basal-like Breast CancerU01ES019472 · NIEHS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI TROESTER, MELISSA A. · 2010 to 2014
$2.3MRNA sequencing analysis of CancerU24CA210988 · NCI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI HAYES, DAVID N, HOADLEY, KATHERINE A. · 2016 to 2020
$2.1MThe role of bile acids to ameliorate obesity driven triple negative breast cancerF32CA250192 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE HEALTH SCI CTR · PI SIPE, LAURA MARIE · 2021 to 2022
$80kImpact of the Breast Cancer Immune Microenvironment on Racial Disparities and SurvivorshipF31CA257388 · NCI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI HAMILTON, ALINA MARIE · 2021 to 2022
$44kNCI NIH HHS F31 CA257388NCI NIH HHS F32 CA250192NCI NIH HHS R01 CA229164NCI NIH HHS R01 CA253329NCI NIH HHS R25 CA203650NCI NIH HHS R37 CA226969NCI NIH HHS U24 CA210988NCI NIH HHS UG1 CA233333NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES010126NIEHS NIH HHS U01 ES019472
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has improved outcomes in some cancers. A major limitation of ICB is that most patients fail to respond, which is partly attributable to immunosuppression. Obesity appears to improve immune checkpoint therapies in some cancers, but impacts on breast cancer (BC) remain unknown. In lean and obese mice, tumor progression and immune reprogramming were quantified in BC tumors treated with anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) or control. Obesity augments tumor incidence and progression. Anti-PD-1 induces regression in lean mice and potently abrogates progression in obese mice. BC primes systemic immunity to be highly responsive to obesity, leading to greater immunosuppression, which may explain greater anti-PD-1 efficacy. Anti-PD-1 significantly reinvigorates antitumor immunity despite persistent obesity. Laminin subunit beta-2 (Lamb2), downregulated by anti-PD-1, significantly predicts patient survival. Lastly, a microbial signature associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy is identified. Thus, anti-PD-1 is highly efficacious in obese mice by reinvigorating durable antitumor immunity. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Indexed as
AnimalsBreast NeoplasmsDisease ProgressionFemaleGastrointestinal MicrobiomeHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsImmunosuppression TherapyImmunotherapyLymphocytes, Tumor-InfiltratingMacrophagesMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMyeloid-Derived Suppressor CellsObesityProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorReceptors, Estrogenadiposityhigh-fat dietimmunosuppressionimmunotherapymammary fat padMDSCmetainflammationmicrobiomemyeloid-derived suppressor cellTAMtriple-negative breast cancertumor-associated macrophage
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.