Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34161563›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities2021

Relationship Between Parent and Teacher Reported Executive Functioning and Maladaptive Behaviors in Children With Down Syndrome.

Anna J Esbensen, Emily K Hoffman, Rebecca C Shaffer, Lina R Patel, Lisa M Jacola

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Feasibility study of a parent-driven intervention for youth with Down syndrome.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2024
    Trial
  2. Adaptive and Maladaptive Behaviours and Their Cognitive Correlates in Aging Adults With Down Syndrome.Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Longitudinally Predicting Behavioral Challenges From Executive Functioning in Youth With Down Syndrome.American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Implications of Using the BRIEF-Preschool With School-Age Children With Down Syndrome.American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities · 2024
    Article
  11. Psychometric properties of inhibitory control measures among youth with Down syndrome.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2023
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Confirmatory factor analysis of the BRIEF2 in a sample of youth with Down syndrome.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2023
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Executive functions and adaptive behaviour in individuals with Down syndrome.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Anna J EsbensenAnna J. Esbensen, Emily K. Hoffman, and Rebecca C. Shaffer, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.
Emily K HoffmanAnna J. Esbensen, Emily K. Hoffman, and Rebecca C. Shaffer, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.
Rebecca C ShafferAnna J. Esbensen, Emily K. Hoffman, and Rebecca C. Shaffer, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.
Lina R PatelLina R. Patel, Children's Hospital Colorado.
Lisa M JacolaLisa M. Jacola, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center · USSt. Jude Children's Research Hospital · USUniversity of Colorado Denver · US

Funding

INCLUDE19 – Evaluating outcome measures in young adults with Down syndromeR01HD093754 · NICHD · CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR · PI Anna J. Esbensen · 2018 to 2026
$6.2M
Evaluating Assessment and Medication Treatment of ADHD in Children with Down SyndromeR33HD100934 · NICHD · CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR · PI ESBENSEN, ANNA J., FROEHLICH, TANYA E. · 2022 to 2024
$4.2M
Early childhood communication outcome measures for DSR01HD093654 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI THURMAN, ANGELA JOHN · 2018 to 2022
$3.1M
Evaluating Assessment and Medication Treatment of ADHD in Children with Down SyndromeR61HD100934 · NICHD · CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR · PI ESBENSEN, ANNA J., FROEHLICH, TANYA E. · 2019 to 2021
$1.5M
Treatment of sleep disturbances in school-age children with Down syndromeR21HD082307 · NICHD · CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR · PI ESBENSEN, ANNA J. · 2015 to 2016
$427k
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD093654NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD093754NICHD NIH HHS R21 HD082307NICHD NIH HHS R33 HD100934NICHD NIH HHS R61 HD100934
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The current study evaluates the concurrent relationship between parent ratings of executive functioning and maladaptive behavior among children and adolescents with Down syndrome and then repeats this evaluation using teacher reports. Parents and teachers of 63 school-age children with Down syndrome rated the child's executive functioning (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function) and behaviors (Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist). For parent and teacher ratings, elevated behavior dysregulation predicted higher levels of rule-breaking, aggressive, and externalizing behavior. For teacher ratings, elevated behavior dysregulation also predicted higher levels of inattention problems. Among both parent and teacher ratings, greater metacognitive difficulties predicted challenges with attention. Understanding the relationship between these constructs has important implications for targets of intervention and developing preventative strategies.

Indexed as

Down SyndromeExecutive FunctionAdolescentChildChild BehaviorFacultyHumansParentsbehaviorchildrenDown syndromeexecutive functioning

Identifiers

PMID34161563
PMCPMC8244734
OpenAlexW3176838179

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.