ArticlePloS one2021
The gut microbiome and type 2 diabetes status in the Multiethnic Cohort.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of GLP-1 agonists on the gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review.The FEBS journal · 2026Pooled it
- The relationship between diabetic retinopathy and intestinal microbiota: a systematic review and meta analysis.International ophthalmology · 2026Pooled it
- Breast cancer and microbiome: a systematic review highlighting challenges for clinical translation.BMC women's health · 2025Pooled it
- Implication of taxonomic abundance of gut microbiota in prediabetes: a systematic review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Gut microbiota and type 2 diabetes associations: a meta-analysis of 16S studies and their methodological challenges.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review on gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of Propolis Supplementation on Gut Microbiota and Uremic Toxin Profiles of Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis.Toxins · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Association of Gut Microbiome Shifts With Metabolic Alterations in Prediabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study.Cureus · 2026Article
- Postbiotic Stool Filtrates From Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Impair Mouse Intestinal Muscle Contractility Ex Vivo and Alter Enteric Cholinergic Neuronal Activity in Vivo.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2026Article
- Associations of Diabetes Mellitus Status and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index with the Gut Microbiota in Nursing-Home Residents.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Metabolic Modulation of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by 1-Deoxynojirimycin: A Multifaceted Approach.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Association between socio-economic status and intestinal microbiota composition in patients with colorectal adenomas.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Hypoglycemic Effects ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Gut microbiome modulation by cricket, pea, and whey protein using the SHIME in vitro simulator.NPJ science of food · 2026Article
- Unraveling A-β+ ketosis-prone diabetes: An evolving diagnosis with an elusive pathogenesis.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Review
- 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequencing of Gut Microbiota in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Article
- Neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with gut microbial composition and diversity across many chronic disease states.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Fecal Microbiota Profiling in Indigenous Backyard and Commercial Chickens Reveals Distinct Taxonomic Signatures.Veterinary medicine international · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe gut microbiome may play a role in inflammation associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) development. This cross-sectional study examined its relation with glycemic status within a subset of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) and estimated the association of circulating bacterial endotoxin (measured as plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP)) with T2D, which may be mediated by C-reactive protein (CRP).
methodsIn 2013-16, cohort members from five ethnic groups completed clinic visits, questionnaires, and stool and blood collections. Participants with self-reported T2D and/or taking medication were considered T2D cases. Those with fasting glucose >125 and 100-125 mg/dL were classified as undiagnosed (UT2D) and pre-diabetes (PT2D) cases, respectively. We characterized the gut microbiome through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and measured plasma LBP and CRP by standard assays. Linear regression was applied to estimate associations of the gut microbiome community structure and LBP with T2D status adjusting for relevant confounders.
resultsAmong 1,702 participants (59.9-77.4 years), 735 (43%) were normoglycemic (NG), 506 (30%) PT2D, 154 (9%) UT2D, and 307 (18%) T2D. The Shannon diversity index decreased (ptrend = 0.05), while endotoxin, measured as LBP, increased (ptrend = 0.0003) from NG to T2D. Of 10 phyla, Actinobacteria (ptrend = 0.007), Firmicutes (ptrend = 0.003), and Synergistetes (ptrend = 0.02) were inversely associated and Lentisphaerae (ptrend = 0.01) was positively associated with T2D status. Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Lachnospira, and Peptostreptococcaceae were less, while Escherichia-Shigella and Lachnospiraceae were more abundant among T2D patients, but the associations with Actinobacteria, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, and Escherichia-Shigella may be due metformin use. PT2D/UT2D values were closer to NG than T2D. No indication was detected that CRP mediated the association of LBP with T2D.
conclusionsT2D but not PT2D/UT2D status was associated with lower abundance of SCFA-producing genera and a higher abundance of gram-negative endotoxin-producing bacteria suggesting that the gut microbiome may contribute to chronic systemic inflammation and T2D through bacterial translocation.
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