Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34161268›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021

Anthropogenic depletion of Iran's aquifers.

Roohollah Noori, Mohsen Maghrebi, Ali Mirchi, Qiuhong Tang, Rabin Bhattarai, Mojtaba Sadegh, Mojtaba Noury, Ali Torabi Haghighi, Bjørn Kløve, Kaveh Madani

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Severe water crisis in southern Spain under expanding irrigated agriculture: A multidimensional drought analysis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Decline in Iran's groundwater recharge.Nature communications · 2023
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Roohollah NooriWater, Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Unit, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; roohollahnoori@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0002-7463-8563
Mohsen MaghrebiSchool of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, 1417853111 Tehran, Iran.ORCID 0000-0002-4841-2384
Ali MirchiDepartment of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078.ORCID 0000-0002-9649-2964
Qiuhong TangKey Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0002-0886-6699
Rabin BhattaraiDepartment of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801.ORCID 0000-0002-3433-299X
Mojtaba SadeghDepartment of Civil Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID.ORCID 0000-0003-1775-5445
Mojtaba NouryScience and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, 1477893855 Tehran, Iran.ORCID 0000-0003-4815-6277
Ali Torabi HaghighiWater, Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Unit, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-5157-0156
Bjørn KløveWater, Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Unit, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
Kaveh MadaniThe Whitney and Betty MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511.ORCID 0000-0003-0378-3170

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Global groundwater assessments rank Iran among countries with the highest groundwater depletion rate using coarse spatial scales that hinder detection of regional imbalances between renewable groundwater supply and human withdrawals. Herein, we use in situ data from 12,230 piezometers, 14,856 observation wells, and groundwater extraction points to provide ground-based evidence about Iran's widespread groundwater depletion and salinity problems. While the number of groundwater extraction points increased by 84.9% from 546,000 in 2002 to over a million in 2015, the annual groundwater withdrawal decreased by 18% (from 74.6 to 61.3 km

Indexed as

GroundwaterHuman ActivitiesAgricultureElectric ConductivityGeographyHumansIranTime Factorsgroundwater depletionsalinitywater qualitywater resources management

Identifiers

PMID34161268
PMCPMC8237601

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.