ArticleThe New England journal of medicine2021
SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Vaccines.
Abstract read
In one paragraph
Article in The New England journal of medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 242 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
242citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
242 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Acceptance-Hesitancy of COVID-19 Vaccination and Factors Affecting It in Adults: Systematic Review Study.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review of Vaccine Breakthrough Infections by SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant.International journal of biological sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Structural serology of polyclonal antibody responses to mRNA-1273 and NVX-CoV2373 COVID-19 vaccines.Cell reports · 2025Trial
- Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of a booster regimen of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine against COVID-19 (ENSEMBLE2): results of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of Vaccine Boosters after Ad26.COV2.S Priming.The New England journal of medicine · 2022Trial
- A scoping review of vaccine certificate implementation in Canada and OECD countries during the COVID-19 pandemic: Outcomes and lessons learned.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Article
- Machine Learning-Driven Simulations of the SARS-CoV-2 Fitness Landscape from Deep Mutational Scanning Experiments.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2026Article
- Inference of latent epidemic regimes and generative simulations reveal how inequality and mobility shape COVID-19 transmission.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Antagonistic Ubiquitin Switching by USP7 and RNF40 Orchestrates KDM6A Homeostasis to License Coronavirus Susceptibility.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Integrated Laboratory Evaluation of Rift Valley Fever Virus Antibodies Using the Competitive ELISA and Virus Neutralization Test.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Heterologous betacoronavirus spike immunization in nonhuman primates elicits cross-reactive antibodies that neutralize both sarbeco- and merbecoviruses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Health Technology Assessment of mRNA Vaccines: Clinical, Economic, and Public Health Implications.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Biometric Strategies to Improve Vaccine Immunogenicity and Effectiveness.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Antiviral Immune Responses Against Murine Cytomegalovirus Induced by an OralMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Targeting G9a-miScience · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 N protein exerts antitumor effects in NSCLC by inducing DNA damage and augmenting chemotherapeutic sensitivity.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Article
- Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 variants and potential co-infected pathogens in hospitalized patients based on metagenomic next-generation sequencing.Scientific reports · 2025Article
182 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors.
Philip R KrauseFrom the Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (P.R.K., M.G.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle (T.R.F.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville (I.M.L.); the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford (R.P., V.B.), and the Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (M.D.S.), Oxford, and the Global Health Programme, Chatham House (D.L.H.), and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (J.P.C.), London - all in the United Kingdom; the Howard College School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban (J.A.S.), and the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Johannesburg (H.R.) - both in South Africa; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (J.A.S.); the Clalit Research Institute, Innovation Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.D.B.); the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (C.M.-F.); the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (K.S.); and the World Health Organization, Geneva (S.B., A.-M.R., R.G., M.D.V.K., S.S., M.J.R., A.-M.H.-R.).ORCID 0000-0002-1045-7536
Thomas R FlemingFrom the Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (P.R.K., M.G.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle (T.R.F.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville (I.M.L.); the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford (R.P., V.B.), and the Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (M.D.S.), Oxford, and the Global Health Programme, Chatham House (D.L.H.), and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (J.P.C.), London - all in the United Kingdom; the Howard College School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban (J.A.S.), and the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Johannesburg (H.R.) - both in South Africa; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (J.A.S.); the Clalit Research Institute, Innovation Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.D.B.); the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (C.M.-F.); the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (K.S.); and the World Health Organization, Geneva (S.B., A.-M.R., R.G., M.D.V.K., S.S., M.J.R., A.-M.H.-R.).
Ira M LonginiFrom the Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (P.R.K., M.G.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle (T.R.F.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville (I.M.L.); the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford (R.P., V.B.), and the Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (M.D.S.), Oxford, and the Global Health Programme, Chatham House (D.L.H.), and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (J.P.C.), London - all in the United Kingdom; the Howard College School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban (J.A.S.), and the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Johannesburg (H.R.) - both in South Africa; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (J.A.S.); the Clalit Research Institute, Innovation Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.D.B.); the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (C.M.-F.); the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (K.S.); and the World Health Organization, Geneva (S.B., A.-M.R., R.G., M.D.V.K., S.S., M.J.R., A.-M.H.-R.).
Richard PetoFrom the Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (P.R.K., M.G.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle (T.R.F.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville (I.M.L.); the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford (R.P., V.B.), and the Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (M.D.S.), Oxford, and the Global Health Programme, Chatham House (D.L.H.), and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (J.P.C.), London - all in the United Kingdom; the Howard College School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban (J.A.S.), and the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Johannesburg (H.R.) - both in South Africa; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (J.A.S.); the Clalit Research Institute, Innovation Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.D.B.); the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (C.M.-F.); the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (K.S.); and the World Health Organization, Geneva (S.B., A.-M.R., R.G., M.D.V.K., S.S., M.J.R., A.-M.H.-R.).
Sylvie BriandFrom the Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (P.R.K., M.G.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle (T.R.F.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville (I.M.L.); the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford (R.P., V.B.), and the Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (M.D.S.), Oxford, and the Global Health Programme, Chatham House (D.L.H.), and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (J.P.C.), London - all in the United Kingdom; the Howard College School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban (J.A.S.), and the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Johannesburg (H.R.) - both in South Africa; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (J.A.S.); the Clalit Research Institute, Innovation Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.D.B.); the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (C.M.-F.); the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (K.S.); and the World Health Organization, Geneva (S.B., A.-M.R., R.G., M.D.V.K., S.S., M.J.R., A.-M.H.-R.).
David L HeymannFrom the Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (P.R.K., M.G.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle (T.R.F.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville (I.M.L.); the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford (R.P., V.B.), and the Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (M.D.S.), Oxford, and the Global Health Programme, Chatham House (D.L.H.), and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (J.P.C.), London - all in the United Kingdom; the Howard College School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban (J.A.S.), and the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Johannesburg (H.R.) - both in South Africa; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (J.A.S.); the Clalit Research Institute, Innovation Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.D.B.); the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (C.M.-F.); the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (K.S.); and the World Health Organization, Geneva (S.B., A.-M.R., R.G., M.D.V.K., S.S., M.J.R., A.-M.H.-R.).
Valerie BeralFrom the Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (P.R.K., M.G.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle (T.R.F.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville (I.M.L.); the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford (R.P., V.B.), and the Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (M.D.S.), Oxford, and the Global Health Programme, Chatham House (D.L.H.), and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (J.P.C.), London - all in the United Kingdom; the Howard College School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban (J.A.S.), and the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Johannesburg (H.R.) - both in South Africa; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (J.A.S.); the Clalit Research Institute, Innovation Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.D.B.); the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (C.M.-F.); the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (K.S.); and the World Health Organization, Geneva (S.B., A.-M.R., R.G., M.D.V.K., S.S., M.J.R., A.-M.H.-R.).
Matthew D SnapeFrom the Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (P.R.K., M.G.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle (T.R.F.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville (I.M.L.); the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford (R.P., V.B.), and the Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (M.D.S.), Oxford, and the Global Health Programme, Chatham House (D.L.H.), and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (J.P.C.), London - all in the United Kingdom; the Howard College School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban (J.A.S.), and the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Johannesburg (H.R.) - both in South Africa; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (J.A.S.); the Clalit Research Institute, Innovation Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.D.B.); the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (C.M.-F.); the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (K.S.); and the World Health Organization, Geneva (S.B., A.-M.R., R.G., M.D.V.K., S.S., M.J.R., A.-M.H.-R.).
Helen ReesFrom the Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (P.R.K., M.G.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle (T.R.F.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville (I.M.L.); the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford (R.P., V.B.), and the Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (M.D.S.), Oxford, and the Global Health Programme, Chatham House (D.L.H.), and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (J.P.C.), London - all in the United Kingdom; the Howard College School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban (J.A.S.), and the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Johannesburg (H.R.) - both in South Africa; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (J.A.S.); the Clalit Research Institute, Innovation Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.D.B.); the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (C.M.-F.); the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (K.S.); and the World Health Organization, Geneva (S.B., A.-M.R., R.G., M.D.V.K., S.S., M.J.R., A.-M.H.-R.).
Alba-Maria RoperoFrom the Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (P.R.K., M.G.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle (T.R.F.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville (I.M.L.); the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford (R.P., V.B.), and the Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (M.D.S.), Oxford, and the Global Health Programme, Chatham House (D.L.H.), and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (J.P.C.), London - all in the United Kingdom; the Howard College School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban (J.A.S.), and the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Johannesburg (H.R.) - both in South Africa; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (J.A.S.); the Clalit Research Institute, Innovation Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.D.B.); the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (C.M.-F.); the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (K.S.); and the World Health Organization, Geneva (S.B., A.-M.R., R.G., M.D.V.K., S.S., M.J.R., A.-M.H.-R.).
Ran D BalicerFrom the Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (P.R.K., M.G.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle (T.R.F.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville (I.M.L.); the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford (R.P., V.B.), and the Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (M.D.S.), Oxford, and the Global Health Programme, Chatham House (D.L.H.), and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (J.P.C.), London - all in the United Kingdom; the Howard College School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban (J.A.S.), and the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Johannesburg (H.R.) - both in South Africa; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (J.A.S.); the Clalit Research Institute, Innovation Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.D.B.); the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (C.M.-F.); the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (K.S.); and the World Health Organization, Geneva (S.B., A.-M.R., R.G., M.D.V.K., S.S., M.J.R., A.-M.H.-R.).
Jakob P CramerFrom the Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (P.R.K., M.G.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle (T.R.F.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville (I.M.L.); the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford (R.P., V.B.), and the Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (M.D.S.), Oxford, and the Global Health Programme, Chatham House (D.L.H.), and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (J.P.C.), London - all in the United Kingdom; the Howard College School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban (J.A.S.), and the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Johannesburg (H.R.) - both in South Africa; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (J.A.S.); the Clalit Research Institute, Innovation Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.D.B.); the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (C.M.-F.); the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (K.S.); and the World Health Organization, Geneva (S.B., A.-M.R., R.G., M.D.V.K., S.S., M.J.R., A.-M.H.-R.).
César Muñoz-FontelaFrom the Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (P.R.K., M.G.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle (T.R.F.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville (I.M.L.); the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford (R.P., V.B.), and the Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (M.D.S.), Oxford, and the Global Health Programme, Chatham House (D.L.H.), and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (J.P.C.), London - all in the United Kingdom; the Howard College School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban (J.A.S.), and the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Johannesburg (H.R.) - both in South Africa; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (J.A.S.); the Clalit Research Institute, Innovation Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.D.B.); the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (C.M.-F.); the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (K.S.); and the World Health Organization, Geneva (S.B., A.-M.R., R.G., M.D.V.K., S.S., M.J.R., A.-M.H.-R.).
Marion GruberFrom the Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (P.R.K., M.G.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle (T.R.F.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville (I.M.L.); the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford (R.P., V.B.), and the Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (M.D.S.), Oxford, and the Global Health Programme, Chatham House (D.L.H.), and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (J.P.C.), London - all in the United Kingdom; the Howard College School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban (J.A.S.), and the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Johannesburg (H.R.) - both in South Africa; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (J.A.S.); the Clalit Research Institute, Innovation Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.D.B.); the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (C.M.-F.); the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (K.S.); and the World Health Organization, Geneva (S.B., A.-M.R., R.G., M.D.V.K., S.S., M.J.R., A.-M.H.-R.).
Rogerio GasparFrom the Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (P.R.K., M.G.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle (T.R.F.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville (I.M.L.); the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford (R.P., V.B.), and the Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (M.D.S.), Oxford, and the Global Health Programme, Chatham House (D.L.H.), and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (J.P.C.), London - all in the United Kingdom; the Howard College School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban (J.A.S.), and the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Johannesburg (H.R.) - both in South Africa; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (J.A.S.); the Clalit Research Institute, Innovation Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.D.B.); the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (C.M.-F.); the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (K.S.); and the World Health Organization, Geneva (S.B., A.-M.R., R.G., M.D.V.K., S.S., M.J.R., A.-M.H.-R.).
Jerome A SinghFrom the Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (P.R.K., M.G.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle (T.R.F.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville (I.M.L.); the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford (R.P., V.B.), and the Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (M.D.S.), Oxford, and the Global Health Programme, Chatham House (D.L.H.), and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (J.P.C.), London - all in the United Kingdom; the Howard College School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban (J.A.S.), and the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Johannesburg (H.R.) - both in South Africa; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (J.A.S.); the Clalit Research Institute, Innovation Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.D.B.); the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (C.M.-F.); the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (K.S.); and the World Health Organization, Geneva (S.B., A.-M.R., R.G., M.D.V.K., S.S., M.J.R., A.-M.H.-R.).
Kanta SubbaraoFrom the Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (P.R.K., M.G.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle (T.R.F.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville (I.M.L.); the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford (R.P., V.B.), and the Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (M.D.S.), Oxford, and the Global Health Programme, Chatham House (D.L.H.), and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (J.P.C.), London - all in the United Kingdom; the Howard College School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban (J.A.S.), and the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Johannesburg (H.R.) - both in South Africa; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (J.A.S.); the Clalit Research Institute, Innovation Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.D.B.); the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (C.M.-F.); the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (K.S.); and the World Health Organization, Geneva (S.B., A.-M.R., R.G., M.D.V.K., S.S., M.J.R., A.-M.H.-R.).
Maria D Van KerkhoveFrom the Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (P.R.K., M.G.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle (T.R.F.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville (I.M.L.); the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford (R.P., V.B.), and the Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (M.D.S.), Oxford, and the Global Health Programme, Chatham House (D.L.H.), and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (J.P.C.), London - all in the United Kingdom; the Howard College School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban (J.A.S.), and the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Johannesburg (H.R.) - both in South Africa; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (J.A.S.); the Clalit Research Institute, Innovation Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.D.B.); the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (C.M.-F.); the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (K.S.); and the World Health Organization, Geneva (S.B., A.-M.R., R.G., M.D.V.K., S.S., M.J.R., A.-M.H.-R.).
Soumya SwaminathanFrom the Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (P.R.K., M.G.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle (T.R.F.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville (I.M.L.); the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford (R.P., V.B.), and the Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (M.D.S.), Oxford, and the Global Health Programme, Chatham House (D.L.H.), and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (J.P.C.), London - all in the United Kingdom; the Howard College School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban (J.A.S.), and the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Johannesburg (H.R.) - both in South Africa; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (J.A.S.); the Clalit Research Institute, Innovation Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.D.B.); the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (C.M.-F.); the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (K.S.); and the World Health Organization, Geneva (S.B., A.-M.R., R.G., M.D.V.K., S.S., M.J.R., A.-M.H.-R.).
Michael J RyanFrom the Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (P.R.K., M.G.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle (T.R.F.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville (I.M.L.); the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford (R.P., V.B.), and the Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (M.D.S.), Oxford, and the Global Health Programme, Chatham House (D.L.H.), and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (J.P.C.), London - all in the United Kingdom; the Howard College School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban (J.A.S.), and the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Johannesburg (H.R.) - both in South Africa; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (J.A.S.); the Clalit Research Institute, Innovation Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.D.B.); the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (C.M.-F.); the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (K.S.); and the World Health Organization, Geneva (S.B., A.-M.R., R.G., M.D.V.K., S.S., M.J.R., A.-M.H.-R.).
Ana-Maria Henao-RestrepoFrom the Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (P.R.K., M.G.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle (T.R.F.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville (I.M.L.); the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford (R.P., V.B.), and the Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (M.D.S.), Oxford, and the Global Health Programme, Chatham House (D.L.H.), and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (J.P.C.), London - all in the United Kingdom; the Howard College School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban (J.A.S.), and the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Johannesburg (H.R.) - both in South Africa; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (J.A.S.); the Clalit Research Institute, Innovation Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.D.B.); the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (C.M.-F.); the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (K.S.); and the World Health Organization, Geneva (S.B., A.-M.R., R.G., M.D.V.K., S.S., M.J.R., A.-M.H.-R.).
Funding
STATISTICAL ISSUES IN AIDS RESEARCHR37AI029168 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI JAMES P HUGHES · 1999 to 2026
$9.8MSTATISTICAL ISSUES IN AIDS RESEARCHR01AI029168 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI HUGHES, JAMES P · 1989 to 2018
$5.3MNIAID NIH HHS R01 AI029168NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI029168
Abstract
Viral variants of concern may emerge with dangerous resistance to the immunity generated by the current vaccines to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Moreover, if some variants of concern have increased transmissibility or virulence, the importance of efficient public health measures and vaccination programs will increase. The global response must be both timely and science based.
Indexed as
COVID-19 VaccinesSARS-CoV-2COVID-19HumansImmunogenicity, VaccineMutationSpike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusVirulenceCOVID-19 VaccinesSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
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What OpenQuestion holds
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Read underepoch 390
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.