ArticlePlant biotechnology journal2021
CRISPR-Cas9 editing of CAFFEOYL SHIKIMATE ESTERASE 1 and 2 shows their importance and partial redundancy in lignification in Populus tremula × P. alba.
Article in Plant biotechnology journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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20 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early occurrence of caffeoylshikimic acid esterase (CSE) activity in the hornwort Anthoceros agrestis.Planta · 2026Article
- Recent Advances in Biosynthesis and Bioactivity of Plant Caffeoylquinic Acids.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Turbo-charging crop improvement: harnessing multiplex editing for polygenic trait engineering and beyond.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2025Review
- Mitigating Response ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Epigenetic regulation of lignin biosynthesis in wood formation.The New phytologist · 2025Article
- Applications of CRISPR Technologies in Forestry and Molecular Wood Biotechnology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Expression of dehydroshikimate dehydratase in poplar induces transcriptional and metabolic changes in the phenylpropanoid pathway.Journal of experimental botany · 2024Article
- Enhancing monolignol ferulate conjugate levels in poplar lignin via OsFMT1.Biotechnology for biofuels and bioproducts · 2024Article
- Expression Quantitative Trait Locus of Wood Formation-Related Genes inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Characterization of caffeoyl shikimate esterase gene family identifies CsCSE5 as a positive regulator of Podosphaera xanthii and Corynespora cassiicola pathogen resistance in cucumber.Plant cell reports · 2023Article
- Altered profile of floral volatiles and lignin content by down-regulation of Caffeoyl Shikimate Esterase in Petunia.BMC plant biology · 2023Article
- Genome editing technologies, mechanisms and improved production of therapeutic phytochemicals: Opportunities and prospects.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2023Review
- Lignin engineering in forest trees: From gene discovery to field trials.Plant communications · 2022Review
- CRISPR-Based Genome Editing and Its Applications in Woody Plants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Engineering Curcumin Biosynthesis in Poplar Affects Lignification and Biomass Yield.Frontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- Whole genome duplication of wild-type andFrontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- Systematic Analysis and Biochemical Characterization of the Caffeoyl Shikimate Esterase Gene Family in Poplar.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- CRISPR-Cas9 editing of CAFFEOYL SHIKIMATE ESTERASE 1 and 2 shows their importance and partial redundancy in lignification in Populus tremula × P. alba.Plant biotechnology journal · 2021Article
- CRISPR-Knockout ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Phylogenetic Occurrence of the Phenylpropanoid Pathway and Lignin Biosynthesis in Plants.Frontiers in plant science · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lignins are cell wall-located aromatic polymers that provide strength and hydrophobicity to woody tissues. Lignin monomers are synthesized via the phenylpropanoid pathway, wherein CAFFEOYL SHIKIMATE ESTERASE (CSE) converts caffeoyl shikimate into caffeic acid. Here, we explored the role of the two CSE homologs in poplar (Populus tremula × P. alba). Reporter lines showed that the expression conferred by both CSE1 and CSE2 promoters is similar. CRISPR-Cas9-generated cse1 and cse2 single mutants had a wild-type lignin level. Nevertheless, CSE1 and CSE2 are not completely redundant, as both single mutants accumulated caffeoyl shikimate. In contrast, the cse1 cse2 double mutants had a 35% reduction in lignin and associated growth penalty. The reduced-lignin content translated into a fourfold increase in cellulose-to-glucose conversion upon limited saccharification. Phenolic profiling of the double mutants revealed large metabolic shifts, including an accumulation of p-coumaroyl, 5-hydroxyferuloyl, feruloyl and sinapoyl shikimate, in addition to caffeoyl shikimate. This indicates that the CSEs have a broad substrate specificity, which was confirmed by in vitro enzyme kinetics. Taken together, our results suggest an alternative path within the phenylpropanoid pathway at the level of the hydroxycinnamoyl-shikimates, and show that CSE is a promising target to improve plants for the biorefinery.
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