ArticlePsychopharmacology2022
Effects of combined THC and heroin vapor inhalation in rats.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Persistent effects of repeated adolescent and adult heroin vapor inhalation in female Wistar rats.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Impact of sex on heroin intravenous self-administration by heterogeneous stock rats.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Impact of Age on Heroin Intravenous Self-Administration in Wistar Rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Impact of Sex on Heroin Intravenous Self-Administration by Heterogeneous Stock Rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Neurobehavioral Effects of "Dry Hit" Nicotine E-Cigarette Vapor Inhalation in Adolescent Wistar Rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Hyperactivity Induced By Vapor Inhalation of Nicotine in Male and Female Rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Rats chasing the dragon: A new heroin inhalation method.Journal of neuroscience methods · 2024Article
- ΔDrug and alcohol dependence reports · 2023Article
- Review
- The long-term effects of repeated heroin vapor inhalation during adolescence on measures of nociception and anxiety-like behavior in adult Wistar rats.Psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Reinforcing effects of fentanyl and sufentanil aerosol puffs in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Vapor exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) slows locomotion of the Maine lobster (Homarus americanus).Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleOpioids are effective medications, but they have several key limitations including the development of tolerance, establishment of dependence, diversion for non-medical use, and the development of addiction. Therefore, any drugs which act in an additive or synergistic fashion with opioids to address medical applications have the potential to reduce opioid-related harms.
objectivesTo determine if heroin and Δ
methodsGroups of female and male rats, implanted with radiotelemetry transmitters, were exposed to vapor generated from heroin (50 mg/mL in propylene glycol vehicle; PG), THC (50 mg/mL), or the combination for assessment of effects on temperature and activity. Thermal nociception was assessed with a warm water tail-withdrawal assay.
resultsHeroin inhalation increased temperature and activity whereas THC inhalation decreased temperature and activity in both female and male Sprague-Dawley rats. Effects of combined inhalation were in opposition, and additional experiments found the same outcome for the injection of heroin (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) and THC (10 mg/kg, i.p.) alone and in combination. In contrast, the co-administration of heroin and THC by either inhalation or injection produced additive effects on thermal nociception in both male and female Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats.
conclusionsThis study shows that additive effects of THC with an opioid on a medical endpoint such as analgesia may not generalize to other behavioral or physiological effects, which may be a positive outcome for unwanted side effects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.