Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34160249›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2021

Sources and Risk Factors for Nitrate and Microbial Contamination of Private Household Wells in the Fractured Dolomite Aquifer of Northeastern Wisconsin.

Mark A Borchardt, Joel P Stokdyk, Burney A Kieke, Maureen A Muldoon, Susan K Spencer, Aaron D Firnstahl, Davina E Bonness, Randall J Hunt, Tucker R Burch

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.7field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Mark A BorchardtEnvironmentally Integrated Dairy Management Research Unit, U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA.
Joel P StokdykUpper Midwest Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA.
Burney A KiekeCenter for Clinical Epidemiology and Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA.
Maureen A MuldoonWisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Susan K SpencerEnvironmentally Integrated Dairy Management Research Unit, U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA.
Aaron D FirnstahlUpper Midwest Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA.
Davina E BonnessKewaunee County Department of Land and Water Conservation, Luxemburg, Wisconsin, USA.
Randall J HuntUpper Midwest Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Middleton, Wisconsin, USA.
Tucker R BurchEnvironmentally Integrated Dairy Management Research Unit, U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA.
Agricultural Research Service · USUnited States Geological Survey · USMarshfield Clinic · USUniversity of Wisconsin System · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGroundwater quality in the Silurian dolomite aquifer in northeastern Wisconsin, USA, has become contentious as dairy farms and exurban development expand.

objectivesWe investigated private household wells in the region, determining the extent, sources, and risk factors of nitrate and microbial contamination.

methodsTotal coliforms,

resultsTotal coliforms and nitrate were strongly associated with depth-to-bedrock at well sites and nearby agricultural land use, but not septic systems. Both human wastewater and cattle manure contributed to well contamination. Rotavirus group A, DISCUSSION: These findings may inform policies to minimize contamination of the Silurian dolomite aquifer, a major water supply for the U.S. and Canadian Great Lakes region. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7813.

Indexed as

CryptosporidiosisCryptosporidiumGroundwaterWater Pollutants, ChemicalAnimalsCalcium CarbonateCanadaCattleEnvironmental MonitoringMagnesiumNitratesRisk FactorsWater WellsWisconsinCalcium Carbonatecalcium magnesium carbonateMagnesiumNitratesWater Pollutants, Chemical

Identifiers

PMID34160249
PMCPMC8221036
OpenAlexW3173643260

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.