Trial reportFrontiers of medicine2021
EEG-controlled functional electrical stimulation rehabilitation for chronic stroke: system design and clinical application.
Trial report in Frontiers of medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain-computer interface for post-stroke upper-limb recovery: a systematic review integrating clinical efficacy with neuroplasticity evidence.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Pooled it
- EEG vs. Hybrid EEG-fNIRS BCI for FES Control in Healthy Subjects: A Blind Randomized Study and an Open Dataset.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Trial
- Multisensory BCI promotes motor recovery via high-order network-mediated interhemispheric integration in chronic stroke.BMC medicine · 2025Trial
- Specifications and functional impact of a self-triggered grasp neuroprosthesis developed to restore prehension in hemiparetic post-stroke subjects.Biomedical engineering online · 2024Trial
- Effects of motor imagery based brain-computer interface on upper limb function and attention in stroke patients with hemiplegia: a randomized controlled trial.BMC neurology · 2023Trial
- Mapping the literature about brain-computer interface in rehabilitation: a graph-theory-based PCA framework for semantic space analysis.European journal of translational myology · 2026Article
- A multi-paradigm and longitudinal EEG dataset including the "sixth-finger" and "affected-hand" motor imagery of stroke patients.Scientific data · 2026Article
- Review of Soft Robotic Gloves and Functional Electrical Stimulation Affecting Hand Function Rehabilitation for Stroke Patients.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Electrical spinal cord stimulation promotes focal sensorimotor activation that accelerates brain-computer interface skill learning.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- EEG-based sensorimotor neurofeedback for motor neurorehabilitation in children and adults: A scoping review.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Effects of different KRAS mutants and Ki67 expression on diagnosis and prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Boosting brain-computer interfaces with functional electrical stimulation: potential applications in people with locked-in syndrome.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2023Review
- A review on EMG/EEG based control scheme of upper limb rehabilitation robots for stroke patients.Heliyon · 2023Review
- Brain-Computer Interfaces for Upper Limb Motor Recovery after Stroke: Current Status and Development Prospects (Review).Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine · 2023Review
- Functional electrical stimulation therapy controlled by a P300-based brain-computer interface, as a therapeutic alternative for upper limb motor function recovery in chronic post-stroke patients. A non-randomized pilot study.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Sensorimotor Rhythm-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces for Motor Tasks Used in Hand Upper Extremity Rehabilitation after Stroke: A Systematic Review.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- STIMGRASP: A Home-Based Functional Electrical Stimulator for Grasp Restoration in Daily Activities.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Neuromechanical Biomarkers for Robotic Neurorehabilitation.Frontiers in neurorobotics · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Stroke is one of the most serious diseases that threaten human life and health. It is a major cause of death and disability in the clinic. New strategies for motor rehabilitation after stroke are undergoing exploration. We aimed to develop a novel artificial neural rehabilitation system, which integrates brain-computer interface (BCI) and functional electrical stimulation (FES) technologies, for limb motor function recovery after stroke. We conducted clinical trials (including controlled trials) in 32 patients with chronic stroke. Patients were randomly divided into the BCI-FES group and the neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) group. The changes in outcome measures during intervention were compared between groups, and the trends of ERD values based on EEG were analyzed for BCI-FES group. Results showed that the increase in Fugl Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) and Kendall Manual Muscle Testing (Kendall MMT) scores of the BCI-FES group was significantly higher than that in the sham group, which indicated the practicality and superiority of the BCI-FES system in clinical practice. The change in the laterality coefficient (LC) values based on μ-ERD (ΔLC
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.