ArticleJournal of the Endocrine Society2021
Thyroid Function During Pregnancy in A Multiethnic Population in Norway.
Article in Journal of the Endocrine Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk Factors for Thyroid Function Test Abnormalities During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of the Literature to Validate Current Risk Factors and Identify Novel Ones.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2025Pooled it
- Global and Indian perspectives on trimester-specific reference intervals for thyroid hormones in pregnant women: a systematic review.Thyroid research · 2026Review
- Investigating factors associated with thyroid hormone measurements during pregnancy.European thyroid journal · 2025Article
- Reference Range of Thyroid Hormones in Pregnancy: Customization Needed for Pregnant Women in India.Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of India · 2025Article
- Assessment of iodine nutritional status and gestational thyroid function reference ranges during the first trimester of pregnancy in Taiwan.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2024Article
- The emergence of common health conditions across the life course: evidence from the Born in Bradford family cohort.Wellcome open research · 2024Article
- Gestation-suppressed serum TSH levels during early pregnancy are not associated with altered maternal and neonatal outcomes.European thyroid journal · 2023Article
- An in-depth analysis of perinatal related mortality among women of South Asian ethnicity in Aotearoa New Zealand.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- Prevalence, risk factors, and consequences of hypothyroidism among pregnant women in the health region of Lleida: A cohort study.PloS one · 2023Observational
- Observational
- Prevalence and correlates of hypothyroidism in pregnancy: a cross-sectional study at Bouget General Hospital, Ivory Coast.The Pan African medical journal · 2022Article
- Thyroid Function During Pregnancy in A Multiethnic Population in Norway.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextEthnic differences in thyroid function during pregnancy have been reported. However, it is unclear if this is equally valid across ethnic groups within multiethnic populations.
objectiveWe aimed to assess ethnic differences in thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4), and the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and thyroid autoimmunity during pregnancy.
methodsIn a population-based cohort of 785 pregnant women in Oslo, Norway, TSH, FT4, and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO Abs) were measured twice: at gestational week (GW) 15 and 28, and urine iodine concentration at GW 15. Associations were assessed using multivariate linear regression.
resultsWe found ethnic differences in TSH levels at both time points, but not for fT4. South Asians had 0.42 mU/L (95% CI, 0.20-0.64) higher TSH than Europeans in GW 15. This difference persisted after adjusting for covariates (including TPO Ab positivity and iodine status), and increased further as pregnancy progressed. In contrast, East Asians had the lowest TSH. No new cases of overt hypothyroidism were detected in early pregnancy, but subclinical hypothyroidism was found in 6.6% among all, highest in South Asians (14.2%). Hyperthyroidism early in pregnancy was observed in 3.7% (almost all subclinical), highest in East Asians (11.9%). The prevalence of TPO Ab positivity was 4%, highest in South Asians (8%).
conclusionIn a multiethnic population of presumably healthy women, we found ethnic variations in TSH but not FT4 levels throughout pregnancy. South Asians had higher TSH and more subclinical hypothyroidism, not explained by their higher prevalence of TPO Ab positivity. Larger studies are needed to define ethnic- and trimester-specific reference ranges in pregnancy.
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