ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2021
Changes in Immune Activation During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period in Treated HIV Infection.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Tuberculosis in Pregnancy: Challenges of Immune Protection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Maternal adiposity and inflammatory immune trajectories during pregnancy in women with HIV.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Protein C Levels in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Women with and Without Pre-Eclampsia in South Africa.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Targeting Tryptophan Metabolism for Tuberculosis Biomarkers and Host-Directed Therapy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Altered milk tryptophan and tryptophan metabolites in women living with HIV.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Maternal and early-life longitudinal cytokine profiles in a South African birth cohort: the impact of HIV.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Dynamics of Cytokines and Chemokines During the Peripartum Period in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2025Observational
- HIV and Maternal-Fetal Immunity: Challenges and Strategies for Reducing Vertical Transmission-A Narrative Review.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Inflammation, antiretroviral therapy continuation, and HIV disease progression in postpartum women with HIV.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- Maternal and child immune profiles are associated with neurometabolite measures of early-life neuroinflammation in children who are HIV-exposed and uninfected: a South African birth cohort.Wellcome open research · 2025Article
- Maternal immunity shapes biomarkers of germinal center development in HIV-exposed uninfected infants.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Unique Profile of Inflammation and Immune Activation in Pregnant People With HIV in the United States.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Associations of circulation levels of cytokines with birthweight, preterm birth, spontaneous miscarriages, and stillbirth: A Mendelian randomization analysis.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- Polyfunctional antibodies: a path towards precision vaccines for vulnerable populations.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The Kynurenine/Tryptophan Ratio as a Promising Metabolomic Biomarker for Diagnosing the Spectrum of Tuberculosis Infection and Disease.International journal of general medicine · 2023Review
- Development and validation of a predictive nomogram for preoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in isolated calcaneal fracture.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Stages of pregnancy and HIV affect diagnosis of tuberculosis infection and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-induced immune response: Findings from PRACHITi, a cohort study in Pune, India.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPregnant women with HIV (PWWH) have high postpartum morbidity and mortality from infections like tuberculosis. Immunologic changes during pregnancy and postpartum periods may contribute to these risks, particularly the immunoregulatory kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism, which contributes to both HIV and tuberculosis pathogenesis and increases in the early postpartum period.
methodsWomen with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the Uganda AIDS Rural Treatment Outcomes (UARTO) cohort who were pregnant at enrollment or became pregnant during observation were studied (n = 54). Plasma kynurenine/tryptophan (KT) ratio, soluble CD14 (sCD14), sCD163, sCD27, interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), D-dimer, interleukin-6, and intestinal fatty-acid binding protein levels were assessed through the first year of ART and at 3-month intervals throughout pregnancy and 1 year postpartum. Biomarker changes were assessed with linear mixed models adjusted for ART duration. Hemoglobin concentration changes were used to estimate pregnancy-related changes in plasma volume.
resultsThe median pre-ART CD4 count was 134. D-dimer increased through the third trimester before returning to baseline postpartum, while most other biomarkers declined significantly during pregnancy, beyond what would be expected from pregnancy-associated plasma volume expansion. IP-10 and sCD14 remained suppressed for at least 12 months postpartum. KT ratio was the only biomarker that increased above prepregnancy baseline postpartum (mean + 30%;
conclusionsSeveral immune activation markers decline during pregnancy and remain suppressed postpartum, but the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism increases above baseline for ≥9 months postpartum. The mechanisms underlying postpartum kynurenine pathway activity are incompletely understood but may contribute to increased tuberculosis risk in this setting.
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