Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34158942›Full record

ArticleSAGE open medicine2021

Pulmonary embolism in chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease hospitalizations: Trends, outcomes, and predictors of mortality in the United States.

Jagmeet Singh, Sushmita Khadka, Dhanshree Solanki, Asim Kichloo, Harshil Shah, Manasee J Vyas, Savneek Chugh, Neil Patel, Shantanu Solanki

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in SAGE open medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
1.9field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.

Jagmeet SinghDepartment of Medicine, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA, USA.
Sushmita KhadkaDepartment of Medicine, Guthrie Robert Packer Hospital, Sayre, PA, USA.
Dhanshree SolankiRutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Asim KichlooCollege of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Saginaw, MI, USA.
Harshil ShahHospitalist Department, Guthrie Corning Hospital, Corning, NY, USA.
Manasee J VyasMahatma Gandhi Medical Institute of Health Sciences, Navi Mumbai, India.
Savneek ChughDepartment of Nephrology, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA.
Neil PatelDivision of Cardiology, The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, PA, USA.
Shantanu SolankiDepartment of Medicine, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9563-2470
Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine · USCentral Michigan University · USCorning (United States) · USRutgers, The State University of New Jersey · USSUNY Upstate Medical University · USThe Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education · USWestchester Medical Center · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIt is well-known that patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease are at increased risk of pulmonary embolism than patients with normal kidney function. However, the data on trends, outcomes, and predictors of mortality in pulmonary embolism patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease in the United States are limited.

methodsWe queried the National Inpatient Sample database from 2010 to 2014. International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Revision-Clinical Modification codes were used to identify patients with normal kidney function, chronic kidney disease, and end-stage renal disease. The frequency of pulmonary embolism, complications, in-hospital mortality, and length of stay were calculated for each cohort. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to determine the predictors of mortality.

resultsIn the study population (2010-2014), there were 766,176 pulmonary embolism hospitalizations with normal kidney function, 79,824 with chronic kidney disease, and 9147 with end-stage renal disease. Among the study cohorts, the mortality rate was 2.7% in normal kidney function, 4.5% in chronic kidney disease, and 6.8% in end-stage renal disease hospitalizations. Median length of stay was highest in the end-stage renal disease cohort and lowest in the normal kidney function cohort. After adjusting for confounders, pulmonary embolism patients with chronic kidney disease died 1.15 times more often than those with normal kidney function and pulmonary embolism patients with end-stage renal disease died 4.2 times more often than those with normal kidney function.

conclusionThe mortality rate and length of stay in pulmonary embolism patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease were significantly higher than those in pulmonary embolism patients with normal kidney function. Also, pulmonary embolism patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease were at higher risk of in-hospital mortality than those with normal kidney function. There was statistically significant higher risk of mortality in elderly and Black patients with pulmonary embolism and concurrent chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease.

Indexed as

chronic kidney diseaseend-stage renal diseasePulmonary embolus

Identifiers

PMID34158942
PMCPMC8182212
OpenAlexW3167187951

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.