ArticleNature communications2021
The widespread and unjust drinking water and clean water crisis in the United States.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dual Burden of Food and Water Insecurity Among SNAP Households with Children in the Southern United States.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- PFAS Policies and Reductions in Drinking Water Contamination Across the United States: Incorporated Policy Perspectives from Los Angeles Residents.Next research · 2026Article
- A lack of clean drinking water is associated with lacking food and experiencing food safety threats in 121 countries across the globe.Nature food · 2026Article
- Poor Water Quality and Food Insecurity in Ecuador: Disparities in Exposure and Associations With Young Child Feeding Practices.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2026Article
- Associations Between Perceived Tap Water Safety and Dietary Outcomes Among US Adults.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2026Article
- Characteristics of 'early adopters' of water treatment capacity needed to remove PFAS and other emerging contaminants in the United States.Environmental science. Processes & impacts · 2026Article
- The Intersection of Tap Water Avoidance, Food Insecurity, and Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake Among U.S. Children and Adolescents Aged 2-17 Years.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- The Water Insecurity Experiences (WISE) Scales are suitable for use in high-income settings: findings from cognitive interviews and nationally representative surveys.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Mapping risks of water injustice and perceptions of privatized drinking water in the United States: A mixed methods approach.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2025Article
- Steep sustainability challenges in transboundary basins worldwide.Environmental science and ecotechnology · 2025Article
- The Water Insecurity Experiences (WISE) Scales are suitable for use in high-income settings: findings from cognitive interviews and nationally representative surveys.Research square · 2025Article
- When the Household is the Utility: Ensuring Equitable Water Service for Rural US Communities Served by Decentralized Water Systems.ACS ES&T water · 2025Review
- Sociodemographic Disparities in Exposures to Inorganic Contaminants in United States Public Water Systems.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- A machine learning approach to estimate domestic use of public and private water sources in the United States.Water research · 2025Article
- Urban groundwater supplies facing dual pressures of depletion and contamination in China.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Considering the interconnected nature of social identities in neuroimaging research.Nature neuroscience · 2025Review
- Examining Health Insurance and Non-Medical Challenges Among Vietnamese Americans in Texas During the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Health implications of safe drinking water act violations: a county-level analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- A protocol for the development of a validated scale of household water insecurity in the United States: HWISE-USA.PloS one · 2025Article
- Filters comprised of sand and Zero Valent Iron hold promise as tools to mitigate risk posed byFood and waterborne parasitology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many households in the United States face issues of incomplete plumbing and poor water quality. Prior scholarship on this issue has focused on one dimension of water hardship at a time, leaving the full picture incomplete. Here we complete this picture by documenting the full scope of water hardship in the United States and find evidence of a regionally-clustered, socially unequal nationwide household water crisis. Using data from the American Community Survey and the Environmental Protection Agency, we show there are 489,836 households lacking complete plumbing, 1,165 community water systems in Safe Drinking Water Act Serious Violation, and 21,035 Clean Water Act permittees in Significant Noncompliance. Further, we demonstrate this crisis is regionally clustered, with the specific spatial pattern varying by the specific form of water hardship. Elevated levels of water hardship are associated with the social dimensions of rurality, poverty, indigeneity, education, and age-representing a nationwide environmental injustice.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.