ArticleDiabetes care2021
Intensive Care Unit Admission, Mechanical Ventilation, and Mortality Among Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Hospitalized for COVID-19 in the U.S.
Article in Diabetes care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk phenotypes of diabetes and association with COVID-19 severity and death: an update of a living systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetologia · 2023Pooled it
- Multiple BCG vaccinations for the prevention of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases in type 1 diabetes.Cell reports. Medicine · 2022Trial
- Risk factors and nomogram for predicting mechanical ventilation in severe pneumonia.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Prediction of prolonged mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit via machine learning: a COVID-19 perspective.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Causal associations between type 1 diabetes and COVID-19 infection and prognosis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2023Article
- Article
- Severe COVID-19 Infection in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes During the First Three Waves in Sweden.Diabetes care · 2023Article
- Clinical profile and outcome of critically ill COVID-19 patients with diabetic ketoacidosis: A single-centre cross-sectional study in South India.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2023Article
- A confirmed COVID-19 in a patient with newly diagnosed hypertension and preexisting type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case report.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Article
- Development and validation of a prediction model for mechanical ventilation based on comorbidities in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Safe administration of sotrovimab to a COVID-19 patient with acute phase type 1 diabetes mellitus.Clinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology · 2023Article
- Impact of diabetes on COVID-19 patient health outcomes in a vulnerable racial minority community.PloS one · 2023Article
- Symptoms and Glycemic Control in Young People With Type 1 Diabetes Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: An Observational Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Observational
- Trends in Type 1 Diabetic Ketoacidosis During COVID-19 Surges at 7 US Centers: Highest Burden on non-Hispanic Black Patients.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Article
- Effects of Sodium Thiosulfate During Resuscitation From Trauma-and-Hemorrhage in Cystathionine-γ-Lyase Knockout Mice With Diabetes Type 1.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo assess whether risk of severe outcomes among patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) differs from that of patients without diabetes or with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsUsing the Premier Healthcare Database Special COVID-19 Release records of patients discharged after COVID-19 hospitalization from U.S. hospitals from March to November 2020 (
resultsCompared with patients without diabetes, T1DM was associated with a 21% higher absolute risk of ICU/MV (RD 0.21, 95% CI 0.19-0.24; RR 1.49, 95% CI 1.43-1.56) and a 5% higher absolute risk of mortality (RD 0.05, 95% CI 0.03-0.07; RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.24-1.57), with adjustment for age, sex, and race or ethnicity. Compared with T2DM, T1DM was associated with a 9% higher absolute risk of ICU/MV (RD 0.09, 95% CI 0.07-0.12; RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.12-1.22), but no difference in mortality (RD 0.00, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.02; RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.89-1.13). After adjustment for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) occurring before or at COVID-19 diagnosis, patients with T1DM no longer had increased risk of ICU/MV (RD 0.01, 95% CI -0.01 to 0.03) and had lower mortality (RD -0.03, 95% CI -0.05 to -0.01) in comparisons with patients with T2DM.
conclusionsPatients with T1DM hospitalized for COVID-19 are at higher risk for severe outcomes than those without diabetes. Higher risk of ICU/MV in patients with T1DM than in patients with T2DM was largely accounted for by the presence of DKA. These findings might further guide recommendations related to diabetes management and the prevention of COVID-19.
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