Observational studyBMJ open2021
Spanish adaptation and validation of the Pain Assessment Scale in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) in patients with dementia and impaired verbal communication: cross-sectional study.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychometric properties of pain measurements for people living with dementia: a COSMIN systematic review.European geriatric medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Management of hip fracture in older adults with cognitive impairment: a narrative review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Combined lifestyle habits, subjective well-being, and all-cause mortality among older adults in China.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Concurrent validity of Thai version of pain assessment in advanced dementia scale versus self reported pain in cognitively impaired and intact geriatric surgical patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Psychometric evaluation of the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia scale in an acute general hospital setting.International journal of geriatric psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe aim of this study was to adapt and validate the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) scale in Spanish.
designCross-sectional observational study.
settingTwo health districts of Andalusian provinces, located in the south of Spain, through the Andalusian network of Primary Healthcare centres and four institutions dedicated to the care of patients with dementia.
participantsA total of 100 older people, with a medical diagnosis of dementia and a score on the Global Deterioration Scale between 5 and 7 were assessed using the PAINAD scale. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Psychometric properties including content validity, construct validity and reliability of the scale have been tested.
resultsThe overall Item Content Validity Index was excellent (0.95). Regarding construct validity, it was confirmed that a lower use of analgesics implied a lower score on the PAINAD scale (p<0.05). The internal consistency of the scale was 0.76 and it increases to 0.81 if we remove the breathing item. Furthermore, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) used to assess interobserver reliability was 0.94, whereas the ICC used to assess temporary stability was 0.55.
conclusionsThe Spanish version of the PAINAD scale is a valid tool to assess pain in patients with dementia and inability to communicate verbally.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.