SynthesisBMJ open2021
Risk of dementia in gout and hyperuricaemia: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effect of Hyperuricemia on Cognitive Impairment: A Cohort Study and Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Gout/hyperuricemia reduces the risk of Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis based on latest evidence.Brain and behavior · 2023Pooled it
- Patients' knowledge influences practice via attitudes toward hyperuricaemia: a mediation analysis.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- The Cognitive Changes Among Patients over 65 Years of Age in a Rural Area-The Preliminary Report of Protective and Predisposing Factors.Neurology international · 2025Article
- Baihu Guizhi decoction alleviates inflammation in rats with acute gouty arthritis by targeting miR-17-5p to regulate the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB signaling pathway.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2025Article
- Influence of Uric Acid on Vascular and Cognitive Functions: Evidence for an Ambivalent Relationship.Metabolites · 2024Review
- Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases and Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study.ACR open rheumatology · 2024Article
- Association of gout with brain reserve and vulnerability to neurodegenerative disease.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Enrichment analysis and chromosomal distribution of gout susceptible loci identified by genome-wide association studies.EXCLI journal · 2023Article
- The Influence of Serum Uric Acid on the Brain and Cognitive Dysfunction.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Review
- The Dual Effect of Abnormal Serum Uric Acid on Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2021Article
- Associations between serum uric acid levels and risk of dementia in community-dwelling older adults.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesGout, characterised by hyperuricaemia with monosodium urate crystal formation and inflammation, is the most common inflammatory arthritis in adults. Recent studies have found that elevated uric acid levels are related to the occurrence of dementia. We conducted a study to investigate the association between dementia and gout or hyperuricaemia.
designSystematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. DATA SOURCES: Studies were screened from inception to 28 June 2019 by searching Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library databases. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Cohort studies comparing the risk of dementia in patients with gout and hyperuricaemia versus non-gout and non-hyperuricaemia controls were enrolled. DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers separately selected studies and extracted data using the Medical Subject Headings without restriction on languages or countries. The adjusted HRs were pooled using the DerSimonian and Laird random effects model. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the stability of the results. Publication bias was evaluated using Egger's and Begg's tests. Quality assessment was performed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
resultsFour cohort studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in our meta-analysis. We found that gout and hyperuricaemia did not increase the risk of dementia, with a pooled HR of 0.94 (95% CI 0.69 to 1.28), but might decrease the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), with a pooled HR of 0.78 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.95). There was little evidence of publication bias. Quality assessment of the included studies was high (range: 6-8 points).
conclusionsOur study shows that gout and hyperuricaemia do not increase the risk of dementia. However, gout and hyperuricaemia might have a protective effect against AD. Due to the limited number of research articles, more investigations are needed to demonstrate the potential relationship between dementia and gout or hyperuricaemia.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.